thinking, language, and intelligence

studied byStudied by 9 people
5.0(1)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 46

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

47 Terms

1
general intelligence (g)
a factor that according to Spearman underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test
New cards
2
factor analysis
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie ones total score
New cards
3
savant syndrome
a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
New cards
4
EQ
the quotient that measures emotional intelligence
New cards
5
cohort
a group of individuals who share a similar characteristic or experience
New cards
6
intelligence test
a method for assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores
New cards
7
achievement test
a test designed to asses what a person has learned
New cards
8
aptitude test
test designed to predict and person’s future performance, their capacity to learn
New cards
9
mental age
(binet) the chronological age that most typically corresponds with a given level of performance
New cards
10
stanford-binet
the widely used american revision by standford university of binet’s original intelligence test
New cards
11
IQ
the quotient that measures general intelligence
New cards
12
WAIS
most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (non-verbal) subtests
New cards
13
standardization
defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group
New cards
14
normal curve
the symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
New cards
15
content validity
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (a driving test that samples driving tasks)
New cards
16
predictive validity
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior
New cards
17
stereotype threat
minority groups can feel threatened and score lower on intelligence tests when the tests are designed to make them feel inferior
New cards
18
flynn effect
increase in population intelligence quotient (IQ) observed throughout the 20th century
New cards
19
cognition
all the mental processes that have to do with thinking, processing, and understanding
New cards
20
concept
a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
New cards
21
prototype
a mental image or a category that makes it easier to place new information into it
New cards
22
convergent thinking
occurs when the solution to a problem can be deduced by applying established rules and logical reasoning (solving a problem within the context of known information and narrowing down the solution based on logical inference)
New cards
23
divergent thinking
the process of creating multiple, unique ideas or solutions to a problem that you are trying to solve (spontaneous, free flowing thinking that leads to coming up with many different answers or routes forward)
New cards
24
algorithm
a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem- contrasts with heuristics
New cards
25
heuristics
a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms
New cards
26
representative heuristic
judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match particular prototypes; may lead to ignore other relevant infromation
New cards
27
availability heuristic
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness) we presume such events are common
New cards
28
insight
a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem, it contracts with strategy based solutions
New cards
29
confirmation bias
a tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions
New cards
30
fixation
the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving
New cards
31
mental set
the tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often in a way that has been successful in the past
New cards
32
intuition
immediate insight or perception, as contrasted with conscious reasoning or reflection
New cards
33
overconfidence
the tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs and judgments
New cards
34
belief perseverance
clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
New cards
35
phoneme
the smallest unit of distinctive sound in a language
New cards
36
morpheme
the smallest unit that carries meaning in a language (ex: a prefix)
New cards
37
syntax
the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
New cards
38
grammar
a system of rules that allows us to communicate with others
New cards
39
babbling stage
the stage in speech development where the infant spontaneously utters various sounds that are unrelated to the language spoken at home (begins around 4 months)
New cards
40
one word stage
the stage in speech from about 1-2 years old where the child speaks in mostly single words
New cards
41
two word stage
the stage in speech beginning at  about 2 years old where the child speaks in mostly 2 word statements
New cards
42
telegraphic speech
the early stage in speech where a child speaks like a telegram (ex: “go car”) - usually just nouns, verbs, and auxiliary words
New cards
43
semantics
the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language
New cards
44
linguistics
the scientific study of language and its structure
New cards
45
linguistic determinism
wharf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think
New cards
46
linguistic influence
the influence that knowledge of one language has on an individual's learning or use of another language
New cards
47
functional fixedness
the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions, an impediment to problem-solving
New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 23 people
680 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 5220 people
688 days ago
4.6(34)
note Note
studied byStudied by 2 people
16 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 9 people
684 days ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
1019 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
448 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 42 people
84 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
126 days ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (75)
studied byStudied by 8 people
319 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (69)
studied byStudied by 37 people
80 days ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (114)
studied byStudied by 9 people
673 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (51)
studied byStudied by 4 people
665 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (35)
studied byStudied by 18 people
117 days ago
4.5(2)
flashcards Flashcard (159)
studied byStudied by 5 people
769 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (88)
studied byStudied by 9 people
531 days ago
4.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (24)
studied byStudied by 38 people
1 day ago
5.0(1)
robot