Bob Jones - Life Science - Chapter 18 - 5th Edition

abiotic and biotic factors that affect each other

An ecosystem is made up of all the

water

Which of the following is (are) not part of the biotic factors in a lake?

a biotic factor

People are considered what part of an ecosystem?

the earth's core

Which of the following is (are) not part of the biosphere?

understory

The plants of a deciduous forest that grow beneath the tall trees are called the __.

tropical rainforest

Which biome has the greatest diversity of living things?

brackish

Water that is a mixture of freshwater and seawater is called

benthos

Animals that live on or attach to the bottom of a lake or ocean are called ___

marine

Coral reefs are found in which biome?

habitat

Hummingbirds build their nests in trees where they are protected from predators. This describes the hummingbirds' ___.

niche

A pika's role in an ecosystem is called its

living

Biotic factors are made up of the __ parts of an ecosystem.

cold

Tundra exists where trees do not grow due to ___weather.

water

Deserts are defined as biomes that have very little ___

very little

In a tropical rainforest, ___ sunlight makes it to the forest floor.

ocean

The intertidal zone refers to the change in ecosystems as you decend into the ___

different

Throughout the various regions of a biome, we typically find ___organisms.

sunlight, algae, oxygen in the water, fish and frogs

The ecosystem of a pond would include

grassland and savanna

Which two of the following ecosystems would support a variety of grazing animals.

marine

covers 70% of the earth

tropical rainforest

experiences huge amounts of rain and year-round warmth

desert

receives very little rain, requiring plants and animals to store water or be active only at night

coniferous forest

has long, snowy winters and short, warm summers and includes many trees that bear their seeds in cones

savanna

includes grasses and widely spaced trees, experiences wet and dry seasons, and supports grazing animzls like wildebeest and predators like lions.

Grasslands

characterized by prairies found in the interior of continents with insufficient rain to support trees

deciduous forest

has four seasons, rich soil, and trees that lose their leaves after the growing season.

freshwater

includes lakes, swamps, bogs, streams, and rivers

chaparral

has wet and dry seasons and is found around the Mediterranean coastline

tundra

has few trees due to little rain, has permanently frozen soil, and supports animals like caribou and arctic foxes.

ecology

The study of the interactions between living and nonliving things is called ___.

climate

The long-term pattern of weather in an ecosystem is called its ___.

permafrost

Ground that remains frozen year-round is called ___.

cold weather, or the gound where he burrowed.

A chipmunk hibernates through the cold winter, burrowed in the ground under a log. Give an example of an abiotic factor in this scenario.

microorganisms and other living things live in dirt

Why would dirt be considered part of the biosphere?

Deciduous forests have better soil due to lots of rain and the yearly cycle of leaves falling and decomposing. Coniferous forests have poor soil due to the ground being covered with fallen needles

Do coniferous or deciduous forests have better soil? Explain.

the depth of the water and the supply of nutrients for protists and algae.

What two characteristics most greatly affect the type of life found in aquatic ecosystems?

Yellowstone Lake would best be described as an ecosystem since it is a limited area with a unique combination of biotic and abiotic factors

Would Yellowstone Lake best be described as a biome or ecosystem? Why?

Scientists divide the biosphere into smaller units—primarily biomes and ecosystems—because it is too large and complex to study as a single entity. Breaking it down helps manage its vast diversity of life and climate, allowing researchers to study interactions between living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components.

Explain why scientists divide the biosphere into smaller units for study. What are these smaller units called?

A clear example of zonation is the intertidal rocky shore, where distinct horizontal bands of organisms (barnacles, mussels, seaweed) form between high and low tide marks. These zones are created by abiotic factors like tidal submergence, wave action, and light intensity, which dictate the vertical limits of species based on their tolerance to dehydration.

Give an example of zonation—the creation of distinct zones within an ecosystem. In your example, explain how abiotic factors contribute to the zonation.