Notes from Class (EXAM 1)

Parenchyma

Bronchioles & alveoli

(Directly involves O2 exchange)

Bacterial pneumonia

Usually isolated to one lobe, very concentrated to one area of the lung

More likely to cause sepsis

Viral pneumonia

Usually comes from your upper airway, patchy appearance

More mild disease pattern

Chronic bronchitis

Productive cough

Deflated alveoli

Productive cough lasting greater than/equal to 3 months in consecutive years

Alpha one trypsin

Prevents lungs inflammation

Hereditary emphysema

AA1 deficiency

Right sided heart sided heart failure

Occurs from congestion in chronic bronchitis

Asthma

If you have asthma and you develop COPD, your at higher risk for COPD exacerbations

COPD drugs

Should not be given antitussives

Hemoglobin

Chronic bronchitis causes more hemoglobin because of the lack of oxygen

Albuminin

Keeps fluids in your vessels

Low levels causes fluids to leak out of the vessels

Pleural disorder clinical manifestations

• Sudden, sharp pleuritic chest pain

• Pain depends on the disturbance involved

• Pain worsening with movement

• Tachypnea

• Decreased or absent breath sounds in the areas of the effusion

• Asymmetric chest wall movement

• SOB

• Cyanosis

Thoracentesis

Needle aspiration

Diagnostic vs therapeutic

Pneumothorax pressure

Causes pressure to equalize inside & outside the lungs

Loss of vacuum effect

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Random cause

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

From illness (IE COPD)

Tension pneumothorax

Medical emergency

Requires chest tube

Pneumothorax etiology/risks

Smoking & family

Emphysema

Pneumonia

Lung cancer

Chest injury

Pneumothorax =

Chest tube

Thoracotomy types

Posterolateral

Muscle sparing

Anterior approach

Posterolateral thoracotomy

Most common type

Muscle sparing thoracotomy

Least painful

Anterior thoracotomy

Emergent access

Air leak in chest tube

Consistent bubbling

Chest tube therapy goals

• Lung reexpansion

• Reestablish negative plueral space pressure

• Restore adequate oxygenation & ventilation

• prevent complications