Chapter 7: The Structure of the Nervous System

The rostral-most and largest part of the brain.

Cerebrum

The ______ cerebral hemimsphere receives sensation from, and controls movement of the left side of the body.

Right

The _______ cerebral hemisphere is concerned with sensations and movements on the right side of the body.

Left

This portion of the brain lies behind the cerebrum

Cerebellum

______________ is primarily a movement control center that has extensive connections with the cerebrum and the spinal cord.

Cerebellum

The_________ _______ is also the site where vital functions are regulated, such as temperature.

Brain Stem

The spinal cord communicates with the body via ________ ________, which are part of the peripheral nervous system.

spinal nerves

The spinal nerves are a part of the _________ system.

Peripheral

Each nerve attaches to the spinal cord by means of two branches the ___________ root and the _____________ root.

dorsal; ventral

The PNS (peripheral nervous system has two parts ___________ PNS and ____________ PNS. )

somatic ; visceral

These spinal nerves innervate the skin, the joints, and the muscles that are under voluntary control are part of the ____ PNS.

Somatic

The cell bodies of these neurons lie outside the spinal cord in clusters called __________ ______ __________.

dorsal root ganglia

The visceral PNS, also called the involuntary, vegetative, or ____________ ________ __________ (ANS), consists of the neurons that innervate the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands.

automatic nervous system (ANS)

Visceral sensory axons bring information about visceral function to the ________, such as the pressure and oxygen content of the blood in the arteries.

CNS

_________ axons carry information to a specific point.

afferent

_________ axons carry information away from a specific point.

efferent

The somatic or visceral sensory axons bring information into the CNS are _____________.

afferents

The axons that emerge from the CNS to innervate the muscles and glands are ___________.

efferents

The nervous system is encased in the skull and vertebral column, does not come in direct contact with the overlaying bones because of the 3 layer protective _________.

Meninges

The outermost covering is the _________ mater.

dura

The dura forms a _______, an inelastic bag that surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

tough

Under the dura mater lies the __________ membrane. This is the meningeal layer has an appearance and a consistency resembling a spider web.

arachnoid

The _____ mater, the "gentle mother" is a thin membrane that adheres closely to the surface of the brain.

pia

this subarachnoid space is filled with salty clear fluid is called, ____________

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

The fluid-filled caverns and canals inside the brain constitute the _____________ system.

ventricular

The CSF is produced by a special tissue called, __________ _________, in the ventricles of the cerebral hemispheres.

choroid plexus

a generic term for a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS.

gray matter

any collection of neurons that form a thin sheet, usually at the brain's surface.

Cortex

A clearly distinguishable mass of neurons, usually deep in the brain.

Nucleus

A group of related neurons deep within the brain but usually with less distinct borders than those of nuclei.

Substantia

A small, well-defined group of cells.

Locus

A collection of neurons in the PNS.

Ganglion

A bundle of axons in the PNS

Nerve

A generic term for a collection of CNS axons.

White matter

A collection of CNS axons having a common site of origin and a common destination

Tract

A collection of axons that run together but do not necessarily have the same origin and destination

bundle

A collection of axons that connects the cerebrum with the brain stem.

Capsule

Any collection of axons that connects one side of the brain with the other side.

commissure

A tract that meanders through the brain like a ribbon.

Lemniscus

The process by which the neural plate becomes the neural tube

neurulation

the grooves in the surface of the cerebrum

Sulci

The thin sheet of neurons that lies just under the surface of the cerebrum is the___________.

Cerebral Cortex