COMMUNICABLE DISEASE TABLE

Cholera

A waterborne disease caused by Vibrio Cholerae, characterized by rice watery diarrhea.

Causative agent of Cholera

Vibrio Eltor and Vibrio Cholerae.

Mode of transmission for Cholera

Contaminated food/water, undercooked shellfish, unpeeled fruits and vegetables.

Incubation period for Cholera

3 days.

Signs and symptoms of Cholera

Rice watery stools, nausea and vomiting, leg cramps, severe dehydration.

Complications of Cholera

Hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, renal failure.

Diagnostics for Cholera

Diagnosis is primarily clinical; can be confirmed by stool culture.

Drug of choice for Cholera

Tetracycline 1g single dose or 250-500mg for 2 days.

Vaccine for Cholera

Vaxchora or Dukoral.

Bacillary Dysentery

Caused by Shigella, characterized by bloody mucoid stools.

Causative agents of Bacillary Dysentery

Shigella Disenterae, Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri.

Incubation period for Bacillary Dysentery

1-4 days.

Signs and symptoms of Bacillary Dysentery

Bloody mucoid stools, tenesmus, nausea, abdominal pain, high fever.

Drug of choice for Bacillary Dysentery

Chloramphenicol 50mg/kg.

Anthrax

A serious infectious disease caused by Bacillus Anthracis.

Modes of transmission for Anthrax

Inhalation, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, injection.

Incubation period for Anthrax

1-7 days.

Sign of cutaneous Anthrax

Itchy black blisters or lumps, painless.

Signs of inhalational Anthrax

Fever, chills, confusion, chest pain.

Diagnostics for Anthrax

Clinical diagnosis, supported by culture of the bacteria.

Drug of choice for Anthrax

Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Levofloxacin

Vaccine for Anthrax

Anthrax vaccine 0.5ml IM, 3 doses.

Paragonimiasis

Caused by Paragonimus westermani, characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Modes of transmission for Paragonimiasis

Ingestion of raw or undercooked crab or snail.

Incubation period for Paragonimiasis

65-90 days.

Acute phase symptoms of Paragonimiasis

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, weight loss.

Chronic phase symptoms of Paragonimiasis

Pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms, chest/back pain.

Drug for Paragonimiasis

Praziquantel.

Typhoid Fever

Caused by Salmonella typhi, characterized by step-like fever.

Modes of transmission for Typhoid Fever

Indirect/direct contact, contaminated water.

Incubation period for Typhoid Fever

1-3 weeks.

Signs and symptoms of Typhoid Fever

Headache, abdominal pain, rose-colored spots, fatigue, cough.

Drug of choice for Typhoid Fever

Chloramphenicol or Ampicillin.

Amoebiasis

Caused by Entamoeba histolytica, characterized by foul-smelling diarrhea.

Incubation period for Amoebiasis

2-4 weeks.

Signs of Amoebiasis

Foul-smelling diarrhea, stomach cramping.

Drug of choice for Amoebiasis

Metronidazole 500mg Q6 for 10 days.

Helminthiasis

Infection by helminths, such as Ascaris lubricoides.

Incubation period for Helminthiasis

4-8 weeks.

Acute stage symptoms of Helminthiasis

Vomiting with worms, abdominal discomfort.

Severe stage symptoms of Helminthiasis

Severe abdominal pain, restlessness, shortness of breath.

Drug of choice for Helminthiasis

Albendazole or Mebendazole.

Oxyuriasis

Infection by Enterobius vermicularis, characterized by anal itching.

Modes of transmission for Oxyuriasis

Inadequate handwashing, nail biting, sharing utensils.

Signs of Oxyuriasis

Itching above the anus at night, insomnia.

Drug for Oxyuriasis

Gentian Violet.

Hookworm

Caused by Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus.

Symptoms of Hookworm infection

Itching, abdominal pain, anemia.

Drug of choice for Hookworm infection

Albendazole or Mebendazole.

Taeniasis

Infection by Taenia species, such as Taenia saginata.

Symptoms of Taeniasis

Nausea, flatulence, weight loss.

Drug for Taeniasis

Praziquantel.

Herpes

Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus, leading to painful blisters.

Modes of transmission for Herpes

Direct sexual contact, contact with blisters.

Incubation period for Herpes

4 days.

Signs of Herpes

Painful blisters, flu-like symptoms.

Drug for Herpes

Acyclovir 400mg.

Candidiasis

Yeast infection caused by Candida, characterized by cottage cheese discharge.

Incubation period for Candidiasis

2-5 days.

Signs of Candidiasis

Thick vaginal discharge, irritation, itching.

Drug for Candidiasis

Fluconazole.

Gonorrhea

Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, leading to penile discharge.

Incubation period for Gonorrhea

2-10 days.

Symptoms of Gonorrhea in males

Whitish, greenish discharge, dysuria.

Drug for Gonorrhea

Ceftriaxone 500mg.

Monkeypox

A viral disease leading to flu-like symptoms and rash.

Incubation period for Monkeypox

3-17 days.

Symptoms of Monkeypox

Flu, rash, fever, lymphadenopathy.

Drug for Monkeypox

Tecovirimat.

Trichomoniasis

Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, leading to frothy discharge.

Incubation period for Trichomoniasis

4-28 days.

Drug for Trichomoniasis

Metronidazole 500mg.

Syphilis

Caused by Treponema pallidum, characterized by painless sore in primary stage.

Incubation period for Syphilis

10 days to 3 months.

Primary stage symptom of Syphilis

Painless sore.

Secondary stage symptom of Syphilis

Maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy.

Drug for Syphilis

Penicillin G.

Chlamydia

Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, leading to discharge and burning.

Incubation period for Chlamydia

2-3 weeks.

Drug for Chlamydia

Doxycycline 100mg.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Causes wart-like lesions, transmitted through sexual contact.

Drug for HPV

No specific treatment; lesions may be removed.

HIV/AIDS

Caused by HIV virus, leading to weakened immune system.

Signs of HIV/AIDS

Flu-like symptoms, weight loss, fevers.

Drug for HIV/AIDS

Retrovir/Zidovudine.

Dengue Fever

Caused by Flavivirus, characterized by high fever and joint pain.

Mode of transmission for Dengue Fever

Mosquito bite (Aedes Aegypti).

Incubation period for Dengue Fever

6-7 days.

Complications of Dengue Fever

Signs of bleeding, hypotension, severe abdominal pain.

Vaccine for Dengue Fever

Dengvaxia.

Leptospirosis

Caused by Leptospira interrogans, transmitted through animal urine.

Incubation period for Leptospirosis

7-19 days.

Signs of Leptospirosis

Fever, headache, myalgia, jaundice.

Drug for Leptospirosis

Penicillin or Tetracycline.

Malaria

Caused by Plasmodium species, characterized by cycles of chills and fever.

Mode of transmission for Malaria

Mosquito bite (female Anopheles).

Incubation period for Malaria

10-12 days.

Drug for Malaria treatment

Chloroquine.

Schistosomiasis

Caused by Schistosoma species, characterized by GI symptoms.

Mode of transmission for Schistosomiasis

Contact with contaminated water.