MCB- EXAM 1

Amoeba Proteous.

Kingdom Protista (Eukaryotic)

Single cell protozoan

Heterotrophic

Group Sarcodina (Amoeba has psuedopods for locomotion)

(Bright green vacuoles and pseudopods obvious indicators)

Paramecium caudatum

Kingdom Protista (Eukaryotic)

Protozoan (Heterotrophic)

Ciliophora (uses Cilia for locomotion)

Spirogyra

Kingdom protista

Algae ( autotrophic)

filamentous algae

identifying features- the chloroplasts arranged in spiral shape

Volvox spp.

Kingdom protista

Colonial Algae (autotrophic)

Has daughter colonies (green balls) and surrounded by flagella

Candida Albicans

Fungi (Eukarya)

Heterotroph

Opportunistic pathogen yeast

can lead to candidiasis and occur in mouth, throat, gut or vagina.

Rhizopus spp.

Fungi (eukaryotic)

Common bread mold

Could be opportunistic pathogen in diabets producing zygomycosis

Sporangia on Rhizopus spp.

Asexual stage Mold

hundred of haploid sporgangiospores.

Zygospore

Sexual stage of rhizopus spp.

Zygospore produced when two different mating types of hyphae merge.

Aspergillus spp. with conidia

Protista ( Eukaryotic)

Fungi

Mold

Opportunistic pathogen can lead to aspergillosis.

Identifying: little flowers outward sprouting out compared to penicillum conidia

Penicillium spp. with conidia

Protista (Eukaryotic)

Fungi

Mold

Famous for production of penicillin

more skinnier brush like conidia

Entamoeba histolytica Cyst

CYSTS HAVE MULTIPLE NUCLEUS (little purple dots) AND SPHERICAL IN SHAPE

Protozoa (Eurakaryotic)

Sarcodina (Amoeboids, move by pseudopodia)

Amoebic dysentery or amobiasis (gotten thru digestion of cysts from contaminated water)

Diagnosis from finding cysts & trophozoites in stool samples.

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite

little blue worm

TROPHOZOITES have single nucleus and cytoplasm has granular appearance.

Protozoa (Eurakaryotic)

Sarcodina (Amoeboids, move by pseudopodia)

Amoebic dysentery or amobiasis (gotten thru digestion of cysts from contaminated water)

Diagnosis from finding cysts & trophozoites in stool samples.

Toxoplasma gondii

Disease: toxoplasmosis (cats)

Protozoa (Phylum ciliophora)

Unicellular

You get it from ingestion of cysts can cause still births.

Taenia spp. eggs

Taeniasis

Eukarya> Helmyths

Class Cestoda (Tapeworms)

Cattle becomes infected by eatting vegetation contaminated with the eggs.Humans become infected by eating raw or uncooked meats.

Plasmodium spp.

Causes malaria

diagnosis done by observing parasites as asexual ring stage or gametocyte stage in blood smear.

ring stage has rings

gameotocyte has cresent sausage shape

Trypanosoma brucei

Causes trypanosomiasis (african sleeping sickness)

Disease transmitted by tseste fly.

Subphylum mastigophora (flagellates)

Giarda lambia

Causeses diarrheal disease giardiasis

Subphylum Mastigophora (flagellates)

Spread through contaminated water,food,surfaces or objects.

2 large nucleus visable.

Schistosoma mansoni (Blood Fluke)

Trematoda (unsegmented fluke)

Causes schistomiasis

Infection occurs through the skin when in contact with contaminated water

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworms)

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)

Infection occurs through self-contamination or from contaminated surfaces like bedding or clothing.

Eggs are oval and have lat side, adult female have pointed tail.

Dirofilaria immitis (Filarial Worm) blood smear blood vessels

Multicellular

Also known as heart worm in dogs

Phylum nematoda (Round worms)

Transmitted by mosiquitos often causes pulmonary dirofilariasis in humans.

Dipylidium caninum (flea tapeworm, cucumber tapeworm)

Class Cestoda (Tapeworms)

Dogs and cats are primary host

Monotiosis

DIagnosis by identifying egg packets

Blastosphore of candida albicans

Strongyloides stercoralis (Human threadworm) in fecal smear

phylum nematoda (roundworms)
strongylodiasis

happens when you step into contaminated soil

Balantidium coli

Phylum Ciliophora (ciliates)

Causes balantidium

diagnosis done by stool samples

Trophozites/ bean shaped nucleus and cillia

Cyst, spherical and cilia absent circular nucleus visible.

Trichomonas vaginalis (trophozoite)

Subphylum Mastigophora (flagellates)

Causes trichomoniasis/ vulvovaginitis in females

Transmitted by intercourse usually

More like jelly fish than giardia

Hydatid cyst of echinococcus granulosus

typically not a human parasite

Class cestoda (tapeworms)

Echinococcus granulosus adult

Class cestoda (tapeworm)

Typically not human parasite

3 proglottids and scolex

What is body called and head?

Head- scolex and body proglottids

Nector americanus/ ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworms)

Phylum nematoda (roundworms)

Hook worm disease

attach to intestinal wall

eggs are passed with feces and larvae hatch in soil

infection occurs when larvae penetrate through the skin and are carried thru blood vessels to heart and lungs.

BEND / HOOK IN HEAD

Hookworms eggs (Ancylostoma duodenale or necator americanus)

Causes hookworm disease

Clonorchis sinensis (oriental liver fluke)

Class trematoda (flukes)

Causes clonorchiasis whenever people eat undercooked infected fish

Clonorchis sinensis egg (liver fluke)

Class trematoda (flukes)

Diagnosis whenever this is found in stool people get this from eatting undercooked infected fish.

Operculum (o on tip is visible)

Ascaris spp. egg

Phylum nematoda (roundworms)

causes ascariasis or ascaris pneumonia

common identification of disease is finding eggs in stool sample

surface of egg has small bumps