Monoclonal antibodies

How monoclonal antibodies produced?

• Produced by introducing antigen to mouse

• Then antibodies are produced

• After that antibodies ( Polyclonal B cells ) from mouse spleen are fused with myeloma cells

• This will form hybridoma cells ( spleen cells + myeloma cells )

First formed monoclonal antibody

Muromonab

In 1985

Effective against CD-3 antigen

Used as immunosupressant drug in organ transplant

Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies

Prefix → Target subsystem → source subsystem → suffix

Component	Meaning	Notes
Prefix	Random	No meaning
Target subsystem	Disease/target site	Old → New system
Source subsystem	Species origin	u, xi, zu etc
Suffix	–mab	Same for all

What is suffix?

suffix is always - MAB

What is source subsystem ?

Based on source of MAB -

1) Human - Umab

2} Mouse - Omab

3} Rat - Amab

4} Primate - Imab

5} Chimeric - Ximab

6} Humanised - Zumab

7} Chimeric humanised - Xizumab

Chart of combined target molecule and uses

Drug Name	Target Molecule	Target Subsystem Code	Source	Main Indications / Uses
Abagovomab	Ovarian tumor antigen	gov	Humanized	Ovarian cancer
Abciximab	Gp IIb/IIIa	ci	Chimeric	Antiplatelet
Abatacept	CD80/86	li	Fusion protein	Rheumatoid arthritis
Adalimumab	TNF-α	lim	Human	RA, Uveitis
Aflibercept	VEGFR-1/2	tu	Fusion protein	AMD
Alefacept	LFA-3	li	Fusion protein	Plaque psoriasis
Alemtuzumab	CD52	li	Humanized	CLL, Multiple sclerosis
Avelumab	PD-L1	tu	Human	Merkel cell carcinoma
Basiliximab	IL-2R (CD25)	li	Chimeric	Transplant rejection
Belatacept	CD80/86	li	Fusion protein	Renal transplant
Belimumab	BLyS	li	Human	SLE
Bevacizumab	VEGF	tu	Humanized	CRC, RCC, Glioblastoma
Bezlotoxumab	C. difficile toxin B	Tox	Human	C. difficile infection
Brentuximab	CD30	tu	Chimeric	Hodgkin lymphoma
Brodalumab	IL-17RA	ki	Human	Plaque psoriasis
Canakinumab	IL-1β	kin	Human	CAPS, RA
Caplacizumab	vWF	ci	Humanized	TTP
Capromab	Prostate antigen	pro	Mouse	Prostate cancer
Cemiplimab	PD-1	tu	Human	SCC skin
Cetuximab	EGFR	tu	Chimeric	Colorectal cancer
Certolizumab	TNF-α	li	Humanized	Crohn’s disease
Daclizumab	IL-2R	li	Humanized	Immunosuppression
Denosumab	RANKL	s	Human	Osteoporosis
Dupilumab	IL-4R	ki	Human	Atopic dermatitis
Durvalumab	PD-L1	tu	Human	Urothelial carcinoma
Eculizumab	C5 complement	li	Humanized	PNH, aHUS
Efalizumab	CD11a	li	Humanized	Psoriasis
Efungumab	Fungal HSP90	fu	Humanized	Candida infection
Emicizumab	Factors IXa, X	li	Humanized	Hemophilia A
Epratuzumab	CD22	li	Humanized	SLE
Etanercept	TNF-α	li	Fusion protein	RA
Gemtuzumab	CD33	tu	Humanized	AML
Golimumab	TNF-α	li	Human	RA, AS
Guselkumab	IL-23	ki	Human	Psoriasis
Ibritumomab	CD20	tu	Mouse	NHL
Infliximab	TNF-α	li	Chimeric	RA, Crohn’s
Ipilimumab	CTLA-4	tu	Human	Melanoma
Ixekizumab	IL-17A	ki	Humanized	Psoriasis
Natalizumab	α4-integrin	li	Humanized	Multiple sclerosis
Nivolumab	PD-1	tu	Human	NSCLC
Omalizumab	IgE	li	Humanized	Bronchial asthma
Palivizumab	RSV fusion protein	vi	Humanized	RSV prevention
Panitumumab	EGFR	tu	Human	Colorectal cancer
Pertuzumab	HER-2	ma	Humanized	Breast cancer
Ramucirumab	VEGFR-2	tu	Human	NSCLC, GE junction CA
Ranibizumab	VEGF	tu	Humanized	Macular degeneration
Rituximab	CD20	tu	Chimeric	NHL
Secukinumab	IL-17A	ki	Human	Psoriasis
Tocilizumab	IL-6R	ki	Humanized	RA, CRS
Trastuzumab	HER-2	ma	Humanized	Breast, gastric CA
Ustekinumab	IL-12/23	kin	Human	Psoriasis, MS
Vedolizumab	α4β7 integrin	li	Humanized	IBD