Individual Differences: Personality and Values

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to personality, values, and their implications in the workplace.

What are the Big Five personality factors?

Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness to experience, Extraversion.

What is Machiavellianism in the context of the Dark Triad?

A personality trait characterized by strong motivation to achieve personal goals at the expense of others.

What do high scores in Extraversion predict according to the Five-Factor Model?

Higher likelihood of being effective leaders or salespeople.

What is the primary focus of Schwartz's Values Model?

Clustering values into categories that motivate individuals in their behavioral choices.

What are the implications of high Agreeableness in the workplace?

Predicts better performance in team settings and customer service.

How do personality traits differ from values?

Personality traits describe behavior tendencies; values guide what is considered right and wrong.

What does the term 'values congruence' refer to?

The similarity of a person's values hierarchy to another source, like an organization.

What is the ethical principle of Utilitarianism?

The moral principle that advocates for the greatest good for the greatest number.

How can values influence decision-making?

Values can affect the attractiveness of choices, perceptions of situations, and motivation to act.

What does high power distance signify in a cultural context?

A value on obedience to authority and acceptance of hierarchical relationships.

What trait does Conscientiousness predict in task performance?

It is a strong predictor of proficient task performance.

What are the characteristics of Narcissism in the Dark Triad?

A belief in one's superiority, entitlement, and excessive need for attention.

What does Moral Sensitivity refer to?

A person's ability to detect a moral dilemma and its importance.

What is the relationship between values and personality in terms of nature vs. nurture?

Values are more influenced by nurture, while personality develops through both nature and nurture.

What defines the 'Ethic of Care'?

A moral obligation to help others and care for their needs.

What is meant by 'individualism' in cultural psychology?

The degree to which people value personal freedom and self-sufficiency.

What does the Five-Factor Model suggest about Neuroticism?

High levels can indicate anxiety and insecurity, influencing workplace behavior.

What factors can inhibit values from predicting behavior?

Situational barriers, counter-motivational forces, and lack of values awareness.

What type of values does IKEA emphasize within its corporate culture?

Values-driven, encouraging congruence between personal and organizational values.

What is the role of Moral Intensity in ethical decision-making?

It assesses how much an issue demands ethical principles based on consequences and impact.