INORG CHEM (CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATIONS

chemical reaction

is a process in which a substance is changed into two or more new substances

one new substance is produced as a result of chemical change

chemical equation

is a written statement that uses chemical symbols and formulas

produce/yield

heat

solid

liquid

gas

gas product

precipitate

aqueous

reactant

a starting material in a chemical reaction

product

substance produced as a result of the chemical reaction

balanced chemical equation

same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation

equation coeffecient

number that is placed to the left of the chemical formula

law of conservation of mass

only rearrangement of atoms occurs and that the product always contain the same number of atoms of each kind as do the reactants

5 chemical reactions

Combination reactions

Decomposition reactions

Displacement reactions

Exchange reactions

Combustion reactions

Combination reaction

a single product is produced from two or more reactions

Decomposition reaction

a single reactant is converted into two or more simpler substances

Displacement reaction

an atom or a molecule displace an atom or group of atoms from a compound

REACTIVITY SERIES (most to least)

P - lease (POTASSIUM)

S - END (SODIUM)

L - IONS (LITHIUM)

C - ATS (CALCIUM)

M - ONKEYS (MAGNESIUM)

A - and (ALUMINIUM)

Z - EBRAS (ZINC)

I - NTO (IRON)

L - OVELY (LEAD)

H - OT (HYDROGEN)

C - AGES ( COPPER)

M - ade of (MERCURY)

S - ILVER (SILVER)

G - OLD (GOLD)

P - LATEST (PLATINUM)

Exchange reaction

two substances exchange parts with one another and form two different substances

2 types of double displacement reactions

Ionic

Neutralization

Ionic reaction

at least one of the products is insoluble

Neutralization reaction

reaction of an acid with a base

Combustion reaction

substance and oxygen that evolves to heat and light

Hydrocarbons

binary compounds of carbon and hydrogen

most common type of compound that undergoes combustion

Oxidation reduction (REDOX)

there is a transfer of electrons from one reactant to another reactant

Non oxidation - reduction (NONREDOX)

NO transfer of electrons from one reactant to another reactant

bookkeeping system (oxidation numbers)

used to identify whether electron transfer ocurs in a chemical reaction

oxidation number

is a number that represents the charge an atom appears to have

4 KEY TERMS IN REDOX PROCESSES

oxidation

reduction

oxidizing agent

reducing agent

Oxidation

reactant in a chemical loses one or more electrons

Reduction

a reactant in a chemical reaction gains one or more electrons

VILEORA

VALENCE

INCREASE

LOSE

ELECTRONS

OXIDATION

REDUCING AGENT

VDGEROA

VALENCE

DECREASE

GAIN

ELECTRONS

REDUCTION

OXIDIZING AGENT

Oxidation

reactant in a redox reaction that causes oxidation

electrons gained

Reducing agent

reactant in a redox reaction that causes reduction of another reactant by providing electrons

electrons lost