Arrangement of Fascicles /levers/major muscles/muscle naming by location appearance function

What are the 4 patterns of fascicles?

Parallel, Convergent, Pennate and Circular.

What are parallel Muscles? Example?

Fibers that are parallel to the long axis of muscle. Example: Bicep brachii

What are convergent muscles? Where do they pull? Example?

A broad area coverages on attachment sites (tendon, aponeurosis or raphe/midline. They pull in different directions, depending on stimulation. Example: pectoralis muscles

What are pennate muscles? Move how? Develop what?

They form an angle with the tendon and move shorter distances than parallel muscles. They develop more tension than parallel muscles.

There are 3 different types of pennate muscles, what are they?

Unipennate bipennate and multipennate

What is unipennate?

Fibers on one side of the tendon

What is bipennate?

Fibers on both sides of the tendon

What is multipennate?

Tendon branches within muscles

What is circular muscles?

Also called sphincters, They open and close guard entrances of body. For example: the mouth

What is the function of lever?

Direction of AF, Distance and speed of movement produced by an AF and effective strength of an AF

What are the 3 classes of levers? and what does it depend on?

Depends on the relationship between applied force, fulcrum and resistance (load). First class lever, second class lever, third class lever.

First class lever?

Center fulcrum bewteen applied force and and load, Force and load are balanced Example: sea-saw

Second class lever?

Center resistance between applied force and fulcrum, a small force moves a large weight, example: wheelbarrow.

Third class lever?

The most common levers in the body, center applied force between load and fulcrum, greater force moves smaller load, Maximizes speed and distance traveled.

Agonist (prime mover)

produces a particular movement Example: elbow flexion

antagonist

opposite movement of a particular agonist Example: elbow extension

synergist

A smaller muscle that assits larger agonist, helps start motion or stabilize origin of agonist (fixator)