112.3 CESTODA (CESTODES)

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What are CESTODA

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1

What are CESTODA

Tapeworms

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2

What is an tapeworm

segmented flatworms

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3

What kind of host does cestoda aka tapeworms require

intermediate host

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4

Where does the cestoda aka tapeworm live in the human body

intestines

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5

What is the scolex

head of the worm that attaches to the intestine

neck of scolex produces proglottids

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6

What is the proglottids

segments containing  male & female sex organs (monoecious) (hermaphroditic)

when mature, uterine branches filled with eggs

motile; break off & migrate out the anus

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7

What is an Cysticercus larva

larval stage ingested by humans

contains invaginated scolex inside a protective membrane

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8

What is an eggs

most contain a hexacanth embryo (oncosphere), with six hooklets

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9
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Taenia adult

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10

What is the Hymenolepis nana

Dwarf tapeworm

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11

How can a human acquire Hymenolepis nana

ingest egg with hexacanth embryo

Direct fecal-oral transmission(most common)

infected insect intermediate hosts

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12

What is the diagnostic stage for Hymenolepis nana

eggs in stool

round to oval with a large space between embryo and shell

two polar thickenings give rise to  4-8 polar filaments

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13

What does the Hymenolepis nana egg have that others do not

hexacanth embryo

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14

What kind of disease manifestation do Hymenolepis nana have

abdominal pain, diarrhea

irritability and headache

peripheral blood eosinophilia

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15

Hymenolepis nana

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16

Hymenolepis nana

Diagnostic egg

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17

What is Taenia solium

Pork tapeworm

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18

What is the infected stage for Taenia solium

encysted cysticercus (larva) in pork muscle

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19

How can a human acquire taenia solium

humans eat undercooked  pork

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20

Where does the Taenia solium live in the human body

cysticercus  evaginates in human intestine and attaches to small intestine where it develops  into the adult worm 

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21

How long is Taenia solium

up to 7 meters long

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22

What does the scolex look like on Taenia solium

four suckers and hooked rostellum

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23

How many proglottid does Taenia solium have

7-13 uterine branches

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24

What is the disease manifestation for Taenia solium

vague abdominal pain, indigestion

loss of appetite

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25

how many suckers does the tawnia solium have

4

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26
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Taenia solium (scolex)

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27
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Taenia solium (proglottid)

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28

What is the Taenia saginata

Beef tapeworm

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29

how can a human acquire Taenia saginata

humans eat undercooked beef

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30

what is the infective stage for Taenia saginata

cysticercus larvae encysted in beef muscle

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31

Where does Taenia saginata live in the human body

cysticercus evaginates in small intestine and scolex attaches to intestinal wall where it develops into the adult worm

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32

How long is the Taenia saginata

10 meters long

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33

What does the scolex look like on Taenia saginata

four suckers; no hooks on rostellum

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34

How many branches does Taenia saginata have on it proglottid

15-20 uterine branches

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35

What is the disease manifestation for Taenia saginata

vague abdominal pains; indigestion

loss of appetite

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36
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Taenia saginata           (scolex)

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37

how many suckers does Taenia saginata  have

4

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38

What is the diagnostic stage for Taenia saginata

eggs in stool

round with striated shell

hexacanth embryo (oncosphere) inside

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39

What is Diphyllobothrium latum

Fish tapeworm; broad tapeworm

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40

How is Diphyllobothrium latum Distribution

worldwide; in US-- Great Lakes

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41

how can a human acquire Diphyllobothrium latum

ingest raw or pickled fish

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42

What is the infective stage for Diphyllobothrium latum

plerocercoid larvae encysted  in fish (that ate an infected copepod

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43

how long is Diphyllobothrium latum

10 meters long

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44

What does the scolex look like on Diphyllobothrium latum

elongated with 2 sucking grooves--one dorsal; the other ventral

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45

What does the proglottid look like on Diphyllobothrium latum

broad (wider than it is long ) with rosette uterine branches

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46

What is the Disease manifestations for Diphyllobothrium latum

vague abdominal distress; nausea; vomiting

Vit. B 12 deficiency/ macrocytic anemia)

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47
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Diphyllobothrium latum (scolex)

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48
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Diphyllobothrium latum (proglottid)

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49

What is the Diagnostic stage for Diphyllobothrium latum

eggs in stool

broadly oval

operculum at one end; small knob at the opposite (aboral) end

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50
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Diphyllobothrium latum ( Diagnostic Egg)

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51
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D. Latum eggs:  opercula open

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52
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Diphyllobothrium latum (broadfish tapeworm)

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53

What are some Accidental tapeworm infections

Echinocoocus granulosus (dog tapeworm)

Cysticercosis of Taenia solium  (but rarely T. saginata)

Hymenolepis diminuta

Dipylidium caninum

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54
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Taenia egg

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55
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Taenia

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56
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D. latum

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57
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H. nana

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58

What is Echinococcosis

Accidental ingestion of eggs from infected dog or sheep

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59

What mainly the infection area for Echinococcosis

sheep raising areas

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60

Where does the Echinococcosis Hexacanth embryo develops into

hydatid cyst

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What human bodies parts do Echinococcosis attack

Liver, lungs or other tissues

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62
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Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid tapeworm)

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63

What is Cysticercosis

is a potentially dangerous infection; results when human accidentally ingests the eggs of Taenia solium

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64

Where is the hexacanth embryo in Cysticercosis released at

intestine & enters circulation

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65

Where does the hexacanth embryo in cysticercosis develops and into

develops into cysticercus in any tissue/organ (striated muscle, eye and brain most often affected)

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66

What are the features of Cysticercosis

called “bladder worm”--oval, translucent with invaginated scolex with 4 suckers and circle of hooklets on rostellum

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67

What are the Disease manifestations of cysticercosis

striated muscle: pain, weakness & cramps

brain: neurosymptoms/convulsions

eyes:  intraorbital pain; retinal detachment; light flashes; blurred vision

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What is Hymenolepis diminuta

Rat  tapeworm

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70

How can humans acquire Hymenolepis diminuta

Humans acquire the worm by eating fleas with infective cysticercoid  

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71

What is the Diagnostic stage for Hymenolepis diminuta

eggs (similar to H. nana) in stool

eggs  larger, and  do not have polar filaments

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72
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Hymenolepis diminuta Diagnostic Egg

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73
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Taenia

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74
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H. diminuta

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75
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H. nana

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76

What is Dipylidium caninum

Dog tapeworm

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77

How does children acquire Dipylidium caninum

eating fleas with D. caninum larvae

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78

What is the Diagnostic stage for Dipylidium caninum

Egg packet (15-25 taenia-like eggs)  in stool

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79
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        Dipylidium caninum

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