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What are CESTODA
Tapeworms
What is an tapeworm
segmented flatworms
What kind of host does cestoda aka tapeworms require
intermediate host
Where does the cestoda aka tapeworm live in the human body
intestines
What is the scolex
head of the worm that attaches to the intestine
neck of scolex produces proglottids
What is the proglottids
segments containing male & female sex organs (monoecious) (hermaphroditic)
when mature, uterine branches filled with eggs
motile; break off & migrate out the anus
What is an Cysticercus larva
larval stage ingested by humans
contains invaginated scolex inside a protective membrane
What is an eggs
most contain a hexacanth embryo (oncosphere), with six hooklets
Taenia adult
What is the Hymenolepis nana
Dwarf tapeworm
How can a human acquire Hymenolepis nana
ingest egg with hexacanth embryo
Direct fecal-oral transmission(most common)
infected insect intermediate hosts
What is the diagnostic stage for Hymenolepis nana
eggs in stool
round to oval with a large space between embryo and shell
two polar thickenings give rise to 4-8 polar filaments
What does the Hymenolepis nana egg have that others do not
hexacanth embryo
What kind of disease manifestation do Hymenolepis nana have
abdominal pain, diarrhea
irritability and headache
peripheral blood eosinophilia
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis nana
Diagnostic egg
What is Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm
What is the infected stage for Taenia solium
encysted cysticercus (larva) in pork muscle
How can a human acquire taenia solium
humans eat undercooked pork
Where does the Taenia solium live in the human body
cysticercus evaginates in human intestine and attaches to small intestine where it develops into the adult worm
How long is Taenia solium
up to 7 meters long
What does the scolex look like on Taenia solium
four suckers and hooked rostellum
How many proglottid does Taenia solium have
7-13 uterine branches
What is the disease manifestation for Taenia solium
vague abdominal pain, indigestion
loss of appetite
how many suckers does the tawnia solium have
4
Taenia solium (scolex)
Taenia solium (proglottid)
What is the Taenia saginata
Beef tapeworm
how can a human acquire Taenia saginata
humans eat undercooked beef
what is the infective stage for Taenia saginata
cysticercus larvae encysted in beef muscle
Where does Taenia saginata live in the human body
cysticercus evaginates in small intestine and scolex attaches to intestinal wall where it develops into the adult worm
How long is the Taenia saginata
10 meters long
What does the scolex look like on Taenia saginata
four suckers; no hooks on rostellum
How many branches does Taenia saginata have on it proglottid
15-20 uterine branches
What is the disease manifestation for Taenia saginata
vague abdominal pains; indigestion
loss of appetite
Taenia saginata (scolex)
how many suckers does Taenia saginata have
4
What is the diagnostic stage for Taenia saginata
eggs in stool
round with striated shell
hexacanth embryo (oncosphere) inside
What is Diphyllobothrium latum
Fish tapeworm; broad tapeworm
How is Diphyllobothrium latum Distribution
worldwide; in US-- Great Lakes
how can a human acquire Diphyllobothrium latum
ingest raw or pickled fish
What is the infective stage for Diphyllobothrium latum
plerocercoid larvae encysted in fish (that ate an infected copepod
how long is Diphyllobothrium latum
10 meters long
What does the scolex look like on Diphyllobothrium latum
elongated with 2 sucking grooves--one dorsal; the other ventral
What does the proglottid look like on Diphyllobothrium latum
broad (wider than it is long ) with rosette uterine branches
What is the Disease manifestations for Diphyllobothrium latum
vague abdominal distress; nausea; vomiting
Vit. B 12 deficiency/ macrocytic anemia)
Diphyllobothrium latum (scolex)
Diphyllobothrium latum (proglottid)
What is the Diagnostic stage for Diphyllobothrium latum
eggs in stool
broadly oval
operculum at one end; small knob at the opposite (aboral) end
Diphyllobothrium latum ( Diagnostic Egg)
D. Latum eggs: opercula open
Diphyllobothrium latum (broadfish tapeworm)
What are some Accidental tapeworm infections
Echinocoocus granulosus (dog tapeworm)
Cysticercosis of Taenia solium (but rarely T. saginata)
Hymenolepis diminuta
Dipylidium caninum
Taenia egg
Taenia
D. latum
H. nana
What is Echinococcosis
Accidental ingestion of eggs from infected dog or sheep
What mainly the infection area for Echinococcosis
sheep raising areas
Where does the Echinococcosis Hexacanth embryo develops into
hydatid cyst
What human bodies parts do Echinococcosis attack
Liver, lungs or other tissues
Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid tapeworm)
What is Cysticercosis
is a potentially dangerous infection; results when human accidentally ingests the eggs of Taenia solium
Where is the hexacanth embryo in Cysticercosis released at
intestine & enters circulation
Where does the hexacanth embryo in cysticercosis develops and into
develops into cysticercus in any tissue/organ (striated muscle, eye and brain most often affected)
What are the features of Cysticercosis
called “bladder worm”--oval, translucent with invaginated scolex with 4 suckers and circle of hooklets on rostellum
What are the Disease manifestations of cysticercosis
striated muscle: pain, weakness & cramps
brain: neurosymptoms/convulsions
eyes: intraorbital pain; retinal detachment; light flashes; blurred vision
What is Hymenolepis diminuta
Rat tapeworm
How can humans acquire Hymenolepis diminuta
Humans acquire the worm by eating fleas with infective cysticercoid
What is the Diagnostic stage for Hymenolepis diminuta
eggs (similar to H. nana) in stool
eggs larger, and do not have polar filaments
Hymenolepis diminuta Diagnostic Egg
Taenia
H. diminuta
H. nana
What is Dipylidium caninum
Dog tapeworm
How does children acquire Dipylidium caninum
eating fleas with D. caninum larvae
What is the Diagnostic stage for Dipylidium caninum
Egg packet (15-25 taenia-like eggs) in stool
Dipylidium caninum
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