Chemistry final Ch. 3-4

What is an element?

cannot be broken down into other parts

What is an atom?

chemically indivisible particle of matter

What is a compound?

Matter that contains two or more elements bonded together

What is a mixture?

two or more substances that can be separated physically

What is a pure substance?

only contains one kind of atom or compound

what is an ionic compound made up of?

Metal + Nonmetal

What is a covalent bond made up of?

Nonmetal + Nonmetal

How do you name an ionic compound?

Name of metal + stem name of nonmetal + ide

how do you name covalent compounds?

Number prefix + first nonmetal name + number prefix + stem name of nonmetal + ide

mono

1

di

2

tri

3

tetra

4

penta

5

hexa

6

hepta

7

octa

8

nona

9

deca

10

what is the empirical formula?

shows the lowest whole numbers of moles

what is the molecular formula?

shows the actual number of atoms

what is the structural formula?

shows the relative placement and connections of atoms in the molecule

what is electronegativity?

relative ability of a bonded atom to attract shared electrons

0 lone pairs, 2 bonding groups, linear electron group geometry

linear molecular geometry, non-polar

0 lone pairs, 3 bonding groups, 3 electron groups, trigonal planar group geometry

trigonal planar molecular geometry, non-polar

1 lone pair, 2 bonding groups, 3 electron groups, trigonal planar group geometry

bent molecular geometry, polar

0 lone pairs, 4 bonding groups, 4 electron groups, tetrahedral group geometry

tetrahedral molecular geometry, non-polar

1 lone pair, 3 bonding groups, 4 electron groups, tetrahedral group geometry

trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry, polar

2 lone pairs, 2 bonding groups, 4 electron groups, tetrahedral group geometry

bent molecular geometry, polar

what does non-polar mean?

symmetrical

what does polar mean?

non-symmetrical

what are dipole-dipole forces?

one molecule has a partial positive charge, and one molecule has a partial negative charge

what is a hydrogen bond?

an O-H, F-H, or N-H bond

what are dispersion forces?

unevenly distributed molecules at a given moment

true or false: dispersion forces exists between all particles

true