Crime and deviance globalisation (1)

What is the definition of globalisation according to Held and McGrew?

Globalisation is the widening , deepening and speeding up of world wide interconnectedness in all areas of life , cultural financial and spiritual

What key processes have caused globalisation?

Spread of new media / technology , mass migration, mass tourism , cheap air travel, removal of trade barriers and the rise of transnational companies that operate globally

What do hyperglobalists , pessimistc globalists and traditional globalists argue about globalsisation?

Hyperglobalists : globalisation is happening and its positive

Pessimistic globalists: globalisation is hapening but its negative due to cultrual imperialism, loss of local cultures

Traditionalists: unconvinced globalisation is really happening

What does Held et al mean by the globalisation of crime?

Crime has becomes increasingly interconnected across borders, mirroring the globalisation of legal activities and leading to the spread of transnational organised crime

What does Castells argue about the global criminal economy?

Says globalisation has created a global criminal economy worth over £1 trillion per year, involving internatinoal networks trading drugs , weapons, people and illegal goods

What are the main types of transnational organised crime?

Drug trade, human trafficking, money laundering, cyber crime, organ trafficking, forced labour, smuggling illegal immigrants and trafficking endangered species or cultural artefacts

Why is drug production attractive in countires like columbia and afganistan?

Becouse impoverished farmers can earn far more from drug crops (e.g cocaine, opium) than traaditional crops, with low investment and high global demand

What does Farr identify as teh two main types of global networks?

Established mafias (e.g Italinan Mafia, Yakuza)

Newer organised crime groups emerging after the collapse of communism (e.g Russian, Albanian, Eastern european groups)

What does Glenny mean by the “McMafia”?

After communism collapsedm deregulation allowed elites to but state assets cheaply and sell them abroad for huge profits

They used international crimnal networks to protect their wealth - a corparet style of global crime system

They operate like legitimet multi natonal courprates but sell illegal goods

How did deregulation in post communist Russia create the Mc mafia?

Natrual resources stayed at old Soviet prices

Anyone with funds could by oil/gas cheaply and sell globally for massive profit

becoming oligarchs (elites) who needed mafia protection

Why did Russion oligarchs need mafia protection after communism collaped?

The state collapsed m law adn order broke down and wealthy elites needed criminal groups to protect there assets , move money abroud and maintain security

What do Hobs and Dunningham mean by “global crime”?

Crime that is locally rooted but globally connected

Local criminal netweorks depnd on global supply chains (e.g drugs , trafficked people)

What do global criminal networks need from local criminals?

Local dealers, pimps, sex clubs and distrobiters to organise supply at street level

Global crime cannot function without local criminal indrastructres

Why did Hobbs create the term “glocal”?

To show that transnational crime is always shaped by local context even though it relies on global connections

What is an AO2 exaample of glocal crime from other topics?

Winlows study of sunderland bouncers, globalisation created new local criminal opportunitires e.g drug dealing , duty free tobacco

Winlow found that deindustrialisation removed legitimate jobs for working‑class men, while globalisation created new criminal opportunities in the night‑time economy. Bouncers became involved in drug dealing, protection rackets, and links to global criminal markets. This shows how globalisation produces ‘glocal’ crime and how men use crime to construct masculinity when legitimate work disappears.