Chemistry Tests and Reactions

These flashcards cover key concepts related to various chemistry tests and reactions, including detection methods and chemical properties.

What does Baeyer's Test detect?

Double bonds (unsaturation) in alkenes.

What color change occurs in a positive Baeyer's Test?

Purple (KMnO) brown with precipitate.

What functional group does Fehling's Test detect?

Aldehyde (R-CHO).

What indicates a positive Fehling's Test?

Blue red precipitate.

Which functional group turns blue litmus paper red?

Carboxylic acids (-COOH).

Which functional group turns red litmus paper blue?

Amines (-NH), indicating a base.

Do ketones give a positive Fehling's Test?

No, ketones do not react (solution stays blue).

What are the reactants used in aspirin synthesis?

Salicylic acid, acetic anhydride, and sulfuric acid (catalyst).

What are the products of aspirin synthesis?

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and acetic acid.

What is the purpose of the ferric chloride test?

To check for unreacted salicylic acid (presence of phenol).

What color indicates a positive ferric chloride test?

Purple (indicates phenol group).

What is the theoretical yield formula?

Based on limiting reactant moles molar mass of product.

How do you calculate percent yield?

(Actual yield/Theoretical yield) 100.

What is methyl salicylate also known as?

Oil of wintergreen.

What reactants are used to synthesize oil of wintergreen?

Salicylic acid + methanol + HSO (catalyst).

What functional group is formed in oil of wintergreen?

Ester (R-COO-R').

What sensory observation confirms ester formation?

A minty or wintergreen smell (via wafting).

What is saponification?

The process of making soap from fat/oil and NaOH.

What are the products of the saponification reaction?

Soap + glycerol + heat.

What is 'salting out'?

Adding NaCl to precipitate soap from solution.

What are the two parts of a soap molecule?

Hydrophilic head (-COO) and hydrophobic tail (hydrocarbon chain).

How do micelles work?

Hydrophobic tails trap grease; hydrophilic heads face outward toward water.

What is hard water?

Water with high Ca, Mg, Fe forms soap scum, poor lather.

What is soft water?

Water containing mainly Na ions good lather, effective cleaning.

What causes temporary hardness in water?

Bicarbonates of Ca and Mg removable by boiling.

What causes permanent hardness?

Sulfates or chlorides of Ca/Mg needs water softeners.

What does the basicity test in soap use?

Phenolphthalein turns pink in basic solution.