ALFRED ADLER

Individual Psychology

It is Adler's main theory.

February 7, 1870

Adler's birth date.

Vienna

Adler's birthplace.

Paulin and Leopold Adler

These are Alfred Adler's parents.

second

Adler's birth order

Six

The number of siblings of Adler.

Rudolf Adler

The name of Adler's younger brother who died at the age of 4 in the bed next to him which made him traumatized and had a goal of being physician.

Pneumonia

The illness that Adler almost died from at the age of 5 years old.

Sigmund Adler

The brother of Alfred Adler to whom he developed rivalry, and who became popular in business industry.

Eye specialist

The first career of Adler before pursuing psychiatry and general medicine.

Wednesday Psychological Society

The group to which Adler and Freud, along with the other three physician formed.

Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (1908)

It was formerly known as the Wednesday Psychological Society. It is now called the ________________________.

1911

The year to which Alfred became the president of VPS which started the tension between him and Freud.

Society for Individual Psychology

The society that Adler formed after resigning as the president of VPS.

sex and agression

Freud's Motivation of Personality

social influences and striving for success and superiority

Adler's Motivation of Personality

little to no choice

Freud's View on Shaping Personality

responsible to who they are

Adler's View on Shaping Personality

past experiences

Freud's View on Behavior

future goals

Adler's View on Behavior

unconscious component of behavior

Freud's Focus on Unconscious

awareness of action

Adler's Focus on Consciousness

guilt and self-reproach

Freud's Brother's Death

motivated

Adler's Brother's Death

parents; mother

Freud's Attachments

siblings & peers

Adler's Attachments

one-on-one

Freud's Relationships

group setting

Adler's Relationships

widely popular

Freud's Popularity

less popular

Adler's Popularity

organization establishments

Freud's Influence

lecturing, training & clinics

Adler's Influence

Individual Psychology

It presents an optimistic view of people while resting heavily on the notion of social interest.

Social Interest

- It is the feeling of oneness with all humankind.
- It implies membership in the social community feeling of all people.

Gemeinschaftsgefühl

German word to which social interest is derived from.

freewill, teleology & individual difference

The things to which Adler's concept of humanity is based.

1st Tenet

Striving for success and superiority motivates personality.

2nd Tenet

Subjective perception shapes behavior and personality.

3rd Tenet

Personality is unified and self-consistent.

4th Tenet

The value of human activity must be seen from the viewpoint of social interest.

5th Tenet

Self-consistent personality structure develops into a person's style of life.

6th Tenet

Style of life is molded by people's creative power.

Striving for personal superiority

These people strive for this with little or no concern for others. Their goals are mainly personal ones for personal gains. It is largely motivated by the presence of inferiority complexes.

Striving for success

These are the type of psychologically healthy people who are motivated by social interest and success for all humankind. They are concerned with goals beyond themselves. They are capable of helping others without demanding or expecting a personal payoff.

Final Goal

it reduces the pain of inferiority feelings and points the person in the direction of either superiority or success.

Superiority's Final Goal

Their final goal is to have a parasitic relationship with her mother.

Success' Final Goal

They set their final goal in terms of success and social interests.

First Tenet

The one dynamic force behind people's behavior is the striving for success or superiority.

Second Tenet

The manner in which a person strives is not shaped by reality but by their subjective perceptions of reality, that is, by their fictions, or expectations of the future.

Fictionalism

These are the ideas that have no real existence, yet they influence people as if they really existed.

Third Tennet

According to Aldler, inconsistent behaviors do not exist. Thoughts, feelings and actions are all directed toward a single goal; and serve as a single purpose.

Organ Dialect

- The deficient organ expresses the direction of the individual goals.
- Disturbance of one part of the body cannot be viewed in isolation which affects the entire person.
- Through this, the body's organ "speaks a language which is usually more expressive and discloses the individual's opinion more clearly than words are able to do."

Consciousness & Unconsciousness

Adler viewed both of these as two cooperating parts of the unified system.

Conscious thoughts

These are the thoughts that are understood and regarded by individuals.

Unconscious thoughts

These are the thoughts that are not understood and not helpful.

Social Community/Community Feeling

The actual translation of Gemeinschaftsgefühl.

Occupational (work), social, love & marriage

These are the task needed to develop social interest.

Styles of Life

- Refers to the flavor of a person's life which includes personal goals, self-concept, feelings for others and attitude towards the world.
- The product of interaction of heredity, environment, and a person's creative power.
- Established at the age of 4 or 5.

Ruling-Dominant Type

they always dominate others

Getting-Learning Type

they always rely on others

Avoiding Type

they avoid failure, thus, they never pursue anything.

Socially Useful Type

confronts problems and attempts solve the problem in a socially useful way.

Faulty Lifestyle

The first three styles of life based on their level of social interest is also known as this.

Sixth Tenet

According to Adler, each person is empowered with freedom to create his own style of life.

Creative Power

- It places people in control of their lives.
- It is responsible for their final goal.
- It determines their method of their goal.
- It also contributes to the development of their social interest.
- It implies movement with direction which help people to move freely.

Creative Power limits

(1) to be psychologically healthy/unhealthy; (2) follow useful/useless styles of life

Maladjustments

Underdeveloped social interest could lead to this.

Exaggerated Physical Deficiency

A factor of maladjustement in terms of either congenital or result of injury or disease accompanied by accentuated feelings of inferiority.

Pampered Style of Life

- A factor of maladjustment to which it makes people have weak social interests.
- They tend to develop parasitic relationship with their parents, peers, and partner.
- They expect other to look after them, overprotect them and satisfy their needs.

Neglected Style of Life

- A factor of maladjustement to which abused and mistreated children develop little social interests. They feel unwanted and unloved.
- They have little confidence in themselves and tend to overestimate difficulties.

Safeguarding Tendencies

Patterns of behavior to protect people from their exaggerated sense of self-esteem against public disgrace. It enable people to hide their inflated self-image and to maintain their current style of life.

Excuses

Typically expressed in "Yes, but" or "If only" statements

"Yes,but" excuse

people first state what they claim they would like to do, something that sounds good to others, then, they follow with an excuse

"If only" excuse

protect a weak-but-artificially-inflated sense of self- worth and deceive people into believing that they are more superior than they really are.

Aggression

Some people use this to safeguard their exaggerated superiority complex.

Withdrawal

- People run away from difficulties
- Safeguarding through distance.

Masculine Protest

In societies where women are seen as weaker and passive, some women resist these roles by adopting a masculine orientation and becoming more assertive and competitive.

Firstborn Children

- They often experience intensified feelings of power and superiority, high anxiety, and overprotectiveness.
- They face a traumatic dethronement when a younger sibling is born.
- If older than 3 and self-centered, they may feel hostility and resentment, but if they are cooperative, they adapt positively. - - For ____ under 3, hostility and resentment are mostly unconscious.

Secondborn Children

They develop better cooperation and social interest, shaped by the older sibling's attitude. Hostility leads to competitiveness or discouragement, while cooperation fosters healthy, moderate competitiveness.

Yougest Children

They are often the most pampered, which increases the risk of becoming problem children. They may develop strong feelings of inferiority and a lack of independence.

Only Child

They compete with parents instead of siblings, often developing an exaggerated sense of superiority and inflated self-concept. They may struggle with cooperation, social interest, and tend to expect pampering from others.

Early Recollection

An Adlerian technique where clients recall early life memories (usually before age 10), which provide insights into their style of life. These memories are analyzed by the therapist but are not considered causally influential, whether they reflect reality or fantasy.

Dreams (Adler)

- According to Adler, this can provide clues to solve future problems. The way of the body to prepare a person in possible danger.
- Also used to analyze problems and plan future goals.

Adlerian Psychotherapy

- Adler encouraged clients to examine their goals and take responsibility for their current struggles, often asking, "What would you do after I cure you?"
- He emphasized that how individuals use their resources is more important than the resources themselves.

enhance courage, reduce feelings of inferiority, and increase social interest.

Primary goals of Adlerian Psychotherapy.