Eduqas Sociology Education

1870 Education Act

1870 Education Act

This legislation promised that every student in England gets a form of education.

1944 Butler Education Act

This legislation introduces the idea of selective education through the tripartite system, where children were given free education until the age of 14.

Students were required to take a test at the age of 11 named the 11 plus, which was a test that determined where the student's next place of study will be depending on whether they passed the test or not.

1965 Comprehensive Education Act

This legislation introduced the idea of educating students in schools attended by students of all abilities instead of separating them in the tripartite system(introduced by Labour)

1988 Education Reform Act

This legislation brought marketisation to schools, meaning that schools compete for students by selling themselves e.g. how well students achieved, their attendance and punctuality.

This legislation meant that parents needed a way to distinguish how schools were better from one another. To counteract this, the government introduced statistics from schools such as Ofsted, SATs results, League tables etc. (introduced by the Conservatives)

2010 (Current conservative government)

At this year, these policies/institutions were introduced:

• Free schools: Schools that are set up and approved by the government e.g. set up because there are no schools around the area. Teachers MUST have qualifications to prove that they are able to teach.

• Universal Technical Colleges: Schools that specialise and teach a city's popular industry jobs e.g. medicine or industry.

• University tuition fees of up to £9,000 per year.

Academy

is a school (usually secondary) funded by the government (through the dept for education) but not controlled or financed by its local authority.

Aim Higher education

Families whose parents have never went to university were offered by the government to have their children to experience university e.g. during the summer break.

Anti-school subcultures

Groups of people that hate school and as such disrupt people's education through e.g. bullying or instant gratification of 'having a laugh'

Bernstein

____________ has argued that even the language of the working class is so different from that of the middle class that it makes a difference in educational achievement. Working class 'restricted' speech. Middle class 'elaborate'

Comprehensive schools

Schools that are free to enter without any entrance exams. These schools brought students within their local catchment area regardless of social class, financial status and academic status.

Cultural factors

Factors such as language code, values

attitudes, encouragement, expectations.

Deferred gratification

Sacrificing social life and entertainment for your own academic benefits, taking the time to study and learn from your school subjects.

Douglas

In his study of 'the home and the school' _______ Stressed the importance of parental interest.

Economic role

where schools meet the needs of the economy

they also teach students the skills and experiences required by businesses in order to do so.

Education Action Zones

Deprived areas that were given extra funding to try to improve education

Education Maintenance Allowance (Act)

This legislation provided extra funding for students from deprived backgrounds.

Ethnocentric curriculum

Education that focuses on the dominant culture and ignores or excludes other cultures. For example, in History students mainly learn about British and European history.

Faith schools

Institutions that teach about religious norms and values e.g. of Christianity, in addition to teaching academic/vocational subjects.

Fatalistic

the belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable, more common among working class students

Formal curriculum

What is taught in lessons at school

Formula funding

This policy increased the amount of money schools would get for every student they attract to their school.

Free school meals

A factor used to measure levels of disadvantage.

Free school meals

Often used, particularly by the media, to measure working class children.

Gender role models

Role models that represent what a boy or a girl should be like.

Grammar school

An institution built for students that are academically able, taking O level qualifications that allow them to go to university.

Halo effect

An effect that is applied when being positively labeled, thus fulfilling a positive self-fulfilling prophecy

Hidden curriculum

things that students learn informally within a school environment e.g. students being respectful to school teachers by calling them by their title and surname.

Home school

Where children are taught at home, ususually by a parent.

Instant gratification

Wanting fun and rewards instantly e.g the marshmallow test

League tables

Statistics that show how a school performs compared to its local area and the national average. Often used by parents to help them select schools for their children

Material factors

Factors such as books, tuition, housing, clothing and equipment.

Meritocracy

When rewards are based on ability and efforts.

Ofsted

A non-profit organisation that examined schools' e.g. quality of teaching, safeguarding, and exam results, giving schools a grade between 1 to 4; 1 would rate Outstanding, where as 4 would rate Inadequate.

Pre-1870

At this time, the education system in Britain was not formally organised. Upper class parents would send their children to fee-paying private schools or are taught at home, whereas working class children often go to work

Pro-school subcultures

Groups of people that love school and as such become well associated with teachers and do well in exams, deferring gratification.

Rosenthal and Jacobsen

conducted an experiment where teachers were told students would make rapid progress. Despite the students being chosen randomly, the selected students did make better progress and so demonstrated the self fulfilling prophecy

SATs

Standard assessment tests which all children take in year 2 and year 6.

Secondary modern

An institution built for students that are less academically able (bottom 75% of 11+)Emphasis was on practical and vocational education. Students would take CSE qualifications.

Selective role

Students are selected for their future roles. Those who achieve the most are given roles with the highest pay and status

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Living up to a label

Social class

A government report in 2014 revealed that this was the biggest factor affecting how children do at school.

Social control role

schools set up rules that control the school environment e.g. rewards and sanctions that encourage good behaviour and discourage bad behaviour.

Social mobility

Moving up or down the social class structure.

Socialisation role

students are taught the norms and values of our culture.

Sure start centres

Institutions that provided advice for the wellbeing, safety and development for pre-school children.

Technical school

An institution that was designed for 'bright' children (good 11+ scores) which focused on preparing students for work in technical careers such as engineering.

Universal Technical College

Schools that specialise in and teach popular industry jobs e.g. medicine or industry.

Vocational education

A form of education that directly teaches the skills needed by the world of work e.g. IT Level 3 Diploma - how to build a PC, how to build a computer wire, how to computer program.

White British FSM children

Who are the lowest achieving group and lower than all the ethnic groups?