BIO: 118 Endocrine Lab (copy)

Originally created by @steph524

Brain region that controls the pituitary gland and links the nervous & endocrine systems

Hypothalamus

Stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

Infundibulum

Secretes hormones like TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH, MSH

Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis)

Stimulates thyroid gland to release T3 & T4

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)

Stimulates gamete production (eggs or sperm)

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

Triggers ovulation & testosterone production

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

Stimulates milk production

Prolactin (PRL)

Stimulates body growth & metabolism

Growth Hormone (GH)

Influences skin pigmentation

MSH (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone)

Stores and releases hormones like ADH and Oxytocin

Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)

Increases water reabsorption in kidneys

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Causes uterine contractions & milk ejection

Oxytocin

Blood vessel system connecting hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

Hypophyseal portal system

Which part of the hypophyseal portal system:

• In the upper infundibulum & hypothalamus

Hypophyseal portal - primary plexus

Which part of the hypophyseal portal system:

• In the anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Hypophyseal portal - secondary plexus

What is the network of capillaries on the posterior lobe of pituitary gland?

Infundibular capillary plexus

Nerve tract connecting hypothalamus to posterior pituitary

Hypothalamohypophyseal tract

Located in the anterior neck, below the larynx

Thyroid gland location

Connects the two lobes of the thyroid

Thyroid isthmus

Produce T3 & T4 which increase metabolism

Thyroid follicular cells

Produce calcitonin which lowers blood calcium

Thyroid C cells

Produce PTH which increases blood calcium

Parathyroid chief cells

Produces thymosin; important for immune function (T-cells)

Thymus gland

Located on top of the kidneys

Adrenal gland location

Cortex = outside, Medulla = inside

Adrenal cortex vs medulla

Produces mineralocorticoids like aldosterone

Zona glomerulosa

Produces glucocorticoids like cortisol

Zona fasciculata

Produces androgens

Zona reticularis

Produces epinephrine & norepinephrine

Adrenal medulla hormones

Exocrine cells that produce digestive enzymes in the pancreas

Acinar cells

Produce glucagon which increases blood sugar

Alpha cells

Produce insulin which lowers blood sugar

Beta cells

Produce testosterone

Testes interstitial cells

Produces estrogen

Ovarian Graafian follicle

Produces progesterone (and estrogen)

Corpus luteum

Includes calcitriol and erythropoietin (EPO)

Kidney hormones

Stimulates red blood cell production

EPO function

Produces melatonin

Pineal gland hormone

What is the arrow pointing to?

The hypothalamus

What organ is this?

Kidney

Which organ is this?

Ovary

Which organ is this?

Pancreas

Which gland is located behind thyroid gland?

Parathyroid gland (location)

Which gland is located in roof of the third ventricle?

Pineal gland (location)

Which organ is this?

Testes