Biology Unit 6: DNA replication - Lopez - LTHS

This was more or less a rushed deck

What is Transcription?

The synthesis of RNA using information from DNA

• Allows for the “message” of the DNA to be transcribed

• Occurs in the Nucleus

What is Translation?

The synthesis of a polypeptide using information from RNA

• Occurs in the ribosomes

What does do mRNA?

Messenger RNA carries information from the DNA to the ribosomes.

What does tRNA do?

Transfer RNA allows information to be translated into a peptide sequence.

What does rRNA do?

Ribosomal RNA helps form ribosomes and links amino acids together.

What is a codon?

A triplet code. (Example: CGC, ATC, etc)

What is Insertion?

Where a nucleotide is inserted into a sequence.

What is Deletion?

Where a nucleotide is removed from a sequence.

What is a substitution?

The replacement of one nucleotide and its partner with another pair of nucleotides.

What is an independent variable?

A variable that isn’t affected by any other variables in the study.

What does the enzyme Primase do?

It initiates replication by adding short segments of RNA called primers to the parental DNA.

What does the Helicase do?

“Unzips DNA”, Breaks the H bonds between DNA strands.

What does Topoisomerase do?

Uncoils a supercoiled DNA.

What do single strand binding proteins do?

They help keep the DNA open after the Helicase opens it.

What does DNA polymerase do?

It attaches the primer to the parental strand. It moves in the 3’ to 5’ direction. As it moves it adds nucleotides to the new strand in a 5’ to 3’ direction.

What direction does the lagging strand go in?

5’ to 3’

What direction does the leading strand go in?

3’ to 5’

What does Ligase do?

“DNA glue”, it covalently bonds pieces of DNA together.