religion christian ethics

Pacifism

opposition to all war

Nuclear Deterrence

the military doctrine that an enemy will be deterred from war using as he can be destroyed as a consequence due to nuclear weapons

Just War Theory

theory that war is justified under certain circumstances

What is restorative justice?

Punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community by an offender's criminal act

What is the goal of restorative justice?

To repair the harm caused to the victim and community by an offender's criminal act

Criteria for just war

must be last resort, lawfully declared by government, cause and proper intention, reasonable chance of success

Causes of war

defend an ally, defensive response, gain freedom from occupying force.

Repent

Admit wrongdoing and show remorse

forgiveness

conscious decision not to feel resentment

Chemical weapons

weapons that contain chemical elements, such as chlorine gas and mustard gas

Biological weapons

weapons which contain viruses and bacteria to cause sickness and death

Nuclear weapons

Most dangerous weapons like bombs and missiles , damage lasting for weeks, months or years

Human cost of war

Military, civilians, child soldiers, asylum seekers and refugees

economic cost of war

Inflation, national debt, unemployment, tourism

levels of pacifism

absolute, conditional, selective

Absolute pacifism

Believe war is always wrong and never justifiable. Human life is so precious

Conditional pacifism

against the idea of war in general but accepts there may be extreme circumstances where it is the better alternative

Selective pacifism

only opposes wars involving weapons of mass destruction

Amnesty International

Human rights movement which campaigns for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. believes death penalty is never the answer

deterrence

putting people off committing crimes

Protection

to protect society

Reform/ rehabilitation

improve or change the nature of a criminal so they can be a law abiding member of society

Vindication

proof that something is right or justified, like upholding laws

retribution

revenge on criminal

repayment

making amends for wrongdoing

restorative justice

problem solving approach including the offender, victim and community

IVF

in vitro fertilisation

IUI

intrauterine insemination

Traditional surrogacy

husbands or partners sperm used to fertilise surrogates eggs

Gestational surrogacy

surrogate mother is pregnant with a baby she is not genetically related to

active euthanasia

directly and deliberately causing a patients death

passive euthanasia

withdrawing or withholding medical treatment to deliberately allow a patient to die

voluntary euthanasia

carried out at the request of the patient who dies

non-voluntary euthanasia

person cannot make a decision so someone makes the decision on their behalf

involuntary euthanasia

person wants to live but is killed anyway

palliative care

medical, emotional or spiritual care given to a person who is terminally ill, aimed at reducing suffering

Living will

a document that sets out a patients wishes n how they want to be treated if they become seriously ill and cannot make their own choices

organisation supporting euthanasia

Dignity in Dying

Pro-life group

precious life

Pro choice group

Marie Stopes International

chastity

To abstain from sexual relations

celibacy

abstain marriage and sexual relations

reasons for celibacy

religious, death of a partner, still looking

marriage

legal binding between a man and a woman

benefits of marriage

social, emotional, financial

Organisations for marriage guidance and counselling services

Relate NI and Accord

Divorce

civil procedure which legally recognises that there is no longer a marriage between a couple

types of family

nuclear, co-habiting couple, same-sex couple, extended or multi-family, lone-parent,blended

nuclear family

husband and wife living with their children

cohabiting couple

unmarried couple and children living together

same-sex couple family

a gay couple either 2 men or 2 women and children living together

extended or multi-fami;y

parents and children as well as other relatives all living together

lone-parent family

family made up of one parent and children

blended family

a married couple and their children from previous marriages

abortion

the intentional destruction of a foetus to end pregnancy

prejudice

a negative attitude towards a group of people, based on an unreasonable opinion

discrimination

negative action towards a group of people because of prejudice.

stereotyping

assumption that a person shares all the characteristics of a group of which they are assumed to belong to

reasons for prejudice

ignorance, scapegoating, influences, media , experience

poverty types

relative and absolute

absolute poverty

severe deprivation of basic human needs

relative poverty

not being able to maintain the average standard of life

characteristics of poverty

debt, low income, high costs , disability, lack of education

characteristics and causes of global poverty

weather, illness and disease, population growth, war, corruption

types of aid

emergency and short term and long term