BIO MID TERMS

Define Biology

study of life and living things

What are the 4 characteristics of living things ?

RGDA - reproduce, grow, DNA, adapt

What from of energy our cells use to do work?

ATP

What is the indirect and direct source of energy for most life on earth?

The sun

Chemical equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + H2O + light energy \------\> O2+C6H12O6

chemical equation for cellular respiration

O2 + C6H12O6 --\> CO2 + H2O + ATP

Photosynthesis reactants

CO2 , H2O

Photosynthesis products

O2+C6H12O6

What does photosynthesis do?

They are responsible for oxygen gas in our atmosphere and gives it to us

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur ?

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts

cellular respiration reactants

O2 , C6H12O6

Do plants need oxygen to survive ?

Yes they need oxygen to convert food into energy and need it for cellular respiration

cellular respiration products

CO2, H2O, ATP

A Calorie is a measure of how much \_____________ is in your food.

Energy

What does cellular respiration do?

puts carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere, and uses oxygen to release energy from food (ATP)

Where does cellular respiration happen?

mitochondria

Define autotroph

Organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon, other chemicals

Define heterotroph

An organism that eats other plants and animals for energy

Define producer

(autotroph) are typically plants

Define primary consumer

An organism that eats producers (herbivore) and is second trophic level

Define secondary consumer

An organism that eats primary consumers (carnivore)

Define tertiary consumer

eats secondary consumers

Define Quaternary consumer

top carnivores and majorly prey on animals below them

Define herbivore

Organisms that eat only plants.

Define carnivore

eats only meat

Define omnivore

eats both plants and animals

Define decomposer

organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter

Define population

a group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time

Define ecology

The study of interactions between organisms and their environment

Define community

The populations of different species living in a habitat

Define ecosystem

includes the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) features of an organism's environment

Define abiotic

Non-living things

Define biotic

Living things

Most of the air you breathe is what type of gas?

nitrogen gas

What nutrient cycle involves fossil fuels?

The carbon cycle

What organisms can fix nitrogen?

nitrogen can fix bateria

What types of plants have nitrogen-fixing organism in their roots nodules?

bean plants have nitrogen-fixings organism

What is nitrogen fixation?

Nitrogen from the atmosphere is converted into a usable form of nitrogen for plants and others

Commensalism (+/0)

Help/No effect

Parasitism (+/-)

help/harm

Mutualism (+/+)

help/help

What type of bond forms within a molecule of water?

Polar Covalent

What type of bond forms between water molecules?

hydrogen bond

Substance A is non polar. Will it dissolve in water?

NO

Substance B is polar. Will it dissolve in water?

YES

How is water able to defy gravity and move up a tree?

Capillary action helps bring water up into the root

What are the four different types of macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, , proteins , lipids

What element do all organic compounds contain?

Carbon atoms

What does the perfix "macro" mean?

Large , thick

What 6 elements make up all living things?

CHNOPS

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid

What are they important to living things?

They are important because they carry genetic material

What type of macromolecules are most enzyme?

protein

What is the name for the molecule to which an enzyme binds-to and acts upon?

substrate

Is the shape of an enzyme important?

Yes because an enzymes shape will only allow it to work on a molecule that can fit it and has a effect on it's catalyzes recation.

What happens if an enzyme denatures or loses its shape?

They wont be able to function

What is an enzyme?

enzymes are proteins

What do enzymes do?

speed up chemical reactions

What is the name of pocket label 2 diagram below

active site

What is the smallest unit of life?

cell

Why are small cells more efficient than large cells?

small cells give u more surface area for nutrients and wastes can enter and exit the cell faster

How can we see most cells?

microscopes

Eukaryotic cells have a \___________.

nucleus

Prokaryotic are \_____________.

all bacteria

Eukaryotic have \_________________ such as mitochondria.

membrane-enclosed organelles

Eukaryotic cells include \_________________.

algae, humans, dogs, mushrooms, yeast, trees, fish, frogs.

Is the above cell a prokaryote or eukaryote?

Prokaryote

is the cell above from an animal, a plant, or a bacteria cell?

bacteria cell

Is DNA single or double stranded?

double

Is RNA single or double stranded?

single

what type of monomers is DNA and RNA made of?

nucleotides

What type of sugar is found in DNA?

deoxyribose

what type of sugar is found in RNA?

ribose

what are the bases of DNA?

A-T C- G

What are the bases of RNA?

A-U C-G

What type of macromolecule does DNA contain the instructions for making?

nucleic acids

Which types of macromolecules are listed on nutrition labels?

Lipids, Carbonhydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

Is the cell below a prokaryote or eukaryote?

Eukaryotic

Is the cell an animal cell, plant cell, or bacteria cell?

animal cell

Is the cell below from a prokaryote or eukaryote? Is it an animal cell or bacteria or plant?

Eukaryotic PLANT CELL

Plant cell has a large \______________.

central vacuole

plant cell has a cell \____________.

WALL

Both plant and animal cells have \______________.

mitochondria

Define nucleus

brain of the cell , genetic material

Define rough ER

make proteins and has ribosomes

Define smooth ER

makes carbohydrates and lipids-no ribisosmes

Define Golgi Apparatus

Stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for storage or release

Define ribosomes

Makes proteins

Define lysosomes

organelle that breaks down organelles that are no longer useful and has enzymes

Define mitocondria

produces ATP and site cellular respiration

Define chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Define cell wall

Support and protects the cell

Define plasma membrane

boundary of the cell, monitors what enters and leaves

Define flagella

movement

Why aren't viruses considered living things?

Viruses are not made out of cells, they can't keep themselves in a stable state, they don't grow, and they can't make their own energy a virus isn't considered living because it doesn't need to consume energy to survive, nor is it able to regulate its own temperature.

What is the permeability of the plasma membrane?

semi-permeable

What does semi-permeable mean?

some things can go through, some things cannot.

True or False: All cells have a plasma membrane.

TRUE

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

stabilization of the phospholipids and supports

What is the function of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?

they identify the chemical signals "cell to cell communication " allow cells to be recognized by other cells.