Lecture Notes Review: The Rise of David and New Testament Teachings

Flashcards created to help review the lecture notes covering the story of David, New Testament teachings, and significant biblical events.

Explain the significance of the encounter between David and Goliath in 1 Samuel 17:1-58.

This story depicts the rise of David as a hero in Israel. David, a young shepherd, defeats the Philistine giant Goliath with a sling and a stone, demonstrating that God's power is greater than physical might.

How is the 'rise of David' portrayed across 1 and 2 Samuel?

The narrative tracks David's journey from being an obscure shepherd boy and musician to becoming the anointed king of Israel, centralizing the nation's power and establishing a lasting royal lineage.

Describe the land of Canaan during the period of the Israelite monarchy.

Canaan was the 'Promised Land' which the Israelites sought to fully possess; it was a contested territory inhabited by various groups, most notably the Philistines.

Discuss the relationship and conflict between the Philistines and the Israelites.

The Philistines were the primary enemies of the Israelites. Their relationship was defined by recurring warfare over territory, resources, and regional dominance.

What was Saul's role as the first king of a united Israel and Judah?

Saul was the inaugural monarch tasked with uniting the twelve tribes (12) to defend against external threats, though his reign ultimately ended in failure and divine rejection.

What were the primary causes of the Israelite–Philistine conflict?

The conflict was driven by:

• Territorial disputes over land.
• Revenge and hatred between the two cultures.
• Divine judgment, where the Bible often interprets Philistine victories as a consequence of Israelite disobedience.

Define the Hebrew word 'Charah' and its emotional significance.

The word 'Charah' means 'to burn within.' It specifically relates to intense anger or fury that is felt internally.

Summarize the key events and lessons found in 1 Samuel chapters 28-31.

These chapters detail Saul's desperation leading to the medium at En-dor, the final defeat of the Israelite army, and the tragic end of Saul's life, illustrating the consequences of turning away from God.

Describe the circumstances and significance of Saul's death in 1 Samuel 31.

Saul took his own life on Mount Gilboa after being wounded and losing the battle to the Philistines. His death was significant because it marked the end of his house's claim to the throne and opened the path for David's kingship.

Explain the events involving David, Ziklag, and the Amalekites.

While David was away, the Amalekites burned his city, Ziklag, and took the families captive. This caused David's men to debate stoning him, highlighting the heavy emotional and political burdens of leadership during crisis.

What is the historical and biblical significance of David’s reign?

David's reign is considered the 'Golden Age' of Israel. He established the Davidic Covenant and transformed a loose confederation of tribes into a centralized, powerful kingdom.

How did David manage the twelve tribes of Israel?

David successfully united all 12 tribes under one monarchy, bridging the divide between the northern and southern territories.

What was the significance of David conquering Jerusalem?

By conquering Jerusalem, David provided Israel with a neutral capital that did not belong to any single tribe, making it the political and spiritual center of the nation.

How did David expand Israel's borders?

Through a series of military campaigns, David defeated the Philistines and surrounding nations, extending Israel's influence and territory to its biblical peak.

How did David approach justice and administration during his rule?

David took an active role in enforcing justice and established a structured administration to manage the needs of the growing kingdom and its diverse population.

Identify David’s major military and political victories.

His victories include the defeat of Goliath, the capture of Zion (Jerusalem), the decisive subdual of the Philistines, and the conquest of neighboring regions like Moab and Edom.

Describe David’s moral failures concerning Bathsheba and Uriah.

David committed adultery with Bathsheba and, to cover up her pregnancy, arranged for the death of her husband, Uriah the Hittite, in battle.

What were the consequences of David’s sin regarding his household and kingdom?

As prophesied by Nathan, 'the sword never departed' from David's house, resulting in internal rebellion (Absalom), family violence, and the death of his first child with Bathsheba.

Compare temporal judicial forgiveness and spiritual forgiveness in the context of David.

Temporal forgiveness involves the setting aside of earthly penalties dictated by the law (such as the death penalty for adultery). Spiritual forgiveness refers to the inner reconciliation between David and God, restoring his spiritual standing.

What characterized Jesus’ ministry in Galilee?

His Galilean ministry was marked by widespread preaching to the common people, performing many miracles, and the calling of His first disciples.

List some important facts about the Sea of Galilee.

It is actually a freshwater lake and remains the largest supply of fresh drinking water to Israel today.

Explain the events of Jesus’ baptism in Mark 1:9-11.

Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist in the Jordan River. As He came out of the water, the heavens opened, the Spirit descended like a dove, and God’s voice affirmed Him as His beloved Son.

How is the Trinity revealed at the baptism of Jesus?

All three persons are present: the Father (the voice from Heaven), the Son (Jesus being baptized), and the Holy Spirit (descending as a dove).

How did Jesus respond to His three temptations in the wilderness (Matthew 4:1-11)?

Jesus rejected the temptations to:

1. Turn stone to bread.
2. Worship the devil for power.
3. Test God by throwing Himself from the temple.
   In each instance, He used scripture to refute the devil.

What is the significance of the Transfiguration of Jesus?

It reveals Jesus's divine glory to His core disciples and confirms His identity as the Son of God, linking Him to the Law (Moses) and the Prophets (Elijah).

What lesson did Jesus demonstrate by washing His disciples’ feet in John 13:1-17?

He modeled the importance of servant leadership and humility, teaching that no servant is greater than their master and that true leadership involves serving others.

Describe Jesus’ mission in terms of servant leadership and love.

Jesus mission was to seek and save the lost through sacrificial love and humility, rather than worldly power.

Explain the concept of unconditional love as expressed in John 3:16.

It is the belief that God loved the world so much that He gave His only Son so that anyone who believes might have eternal life, regardless of their past.

Discuss the dual nature of Jesus (human and divine).

Jesus is fully man, experiencing hunger, pain, and emotion, yet fully divine, possessing the authority and power of God.

What are the Beatitudes (Matthew 5:1-12)?

The Beatitudes are eight blessings that open the Sermon on the Mount, outlining the spiritual qualities and rewards of those who belong to the Kingdom of Heaven.

What is the 'Golden Rule' as stated in Matthew 7:12?

The Golden Rule states: 'Treat others the same way you want them to treat you.'

Provide examples of biblical stories that demonstrate the Golden Rule.

Stories like the Parable of the Good Samaritan (showing mercy to a stranger) or David's initial kindness to Mephibosheth demonstrate treating others with the grace one would hope to receive.

Describe the location, purpose, and themes of the Sermon on the Mount.

Set on a mountainside, its purpose was to provide a new ethical framework for Jesus' followers. Themes include love for enemies, sincerity in prayer, and inner righteousness over legalism.

How do Matthew’s and Luke’s accounts of Jesus’ sermon differ?

Matthew's account is the 'Sermon on the Mount' (focusing on spiritual law), while Luke's account is known as the 'Sermon on the Plain' (emphasizing social concerns and adding corresponding 'woes').

What is meant by the concept of 'divine calling'?

A divine calling is the belief that God has a specific purpose or mission for an individual's life.

Identify reasons why it might be difficult for someone to believe in Jesus’ calling.

Difficulty often stems from:

• Social pressure and fear of judgment.
• Lack of faith in the supernatural.
• The requirement of sacrifice.
• The deep mystery of God that eludes human logic.

Explain the role of faith and interpretation in biblical theology.

Faith provides the basis for belief without total sight, while interpretation allows believers to apply ancient scriptural truths to modern contexts.

What is the primary theme of fulfillment in the Book of Matthew?

Matthew emphasizes that Jesus is the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and the continuation of the story of Israel.

Give examples of Old Testament events or prophecies fulfilled in the life of Jesus.

Examples include Jesus being born in Bethlehem (fulfilling Micah), the flight to Egypt (fulfilling Hosea), and the virgin birth (fulfilling Isaiah).

How does the Book of Acts serve as a continuation of Luke?

Acts picks up where the Gospel of Luke ends, documenting how the message of Jesus was carried from Jerusalem to the ends of the earth by the early church.

Detail the themes, structure, and purpose of the Book of Acts.

Consisting of 28 chapters, its purpose is to show the expansion of the church. The structure follows the geographical spread of the Gospel, and the main theme is the empowerment of believers to witness.

What is the role of the Holy Spirit in the Book of Acts?

The Holy Spirit acts as the primary driver of the church's mission, empowering believers with courage, guidance, and the ability to perform signs to confirm the Gospel message.