phylum platyhelminthes

platyhelminthes are ___blastic

triplo

platyhelminthes have an _____ digestive tract, or none at all

incomplete

platyhelminthes do have mesodermal organs, which increases…

complexity

what type of coelomates are platyhelminthes ?

acoelomates

what type of symmetry do platyhelminthes have?

bilateral

cephalization

more neurons/ganglia in head region

describe the organisms that fall under the “eumetazoa” classification

“true animals” with tissues

how many species of platyhelminthes are there?

20,000

what class of platyhelminthes are free-living predators and scavengers?

class turbellaria

other classes besides turbellaria are…

parasitic

what 3 types of habitats can platyhelminthes live in?

marine, freshwater, moist terrestrial

what are the 4 classes of platyhelminthes?

turbellaria, trematoda, cestoda, monogenea

trematodes are digenetic flukes. what does this mean?

they have at least 2 hosts

monogeneans are monogenetic flukes. what does this mean?

they have 1 host

what is the common name for cestodes?

tapeworms

what is the general common name for trematodes and monogeneans?

flukes

this subphylum/clade contains all parasitic classes with a syncytial tegument

neodermata

what is the syncytial tegument?

single huge cell that covers worm completely

parasitic classes of platyhelminthes tend to have ____ features/characters

less

is the syncytial tegument ciliated?

no

what benefits does the syncytial tegument give parasites?

allows constant healing

what benefits does the syncytial tegument give humans?

we can develop effective medicines against them

what do platyhelminthes use for osmoregulation and excretion?

flame cells

function of cilia in flame cells

separates minerals and waste from water

description of platyhelminthes nervous system

nerve ladder connected to cerebral ganglia

what side of the body are platyhelminthes’ nerve cords on?

ventral

what is the shape of platyhelminthes’ intestine?

branched

ocelli

light-sensing eyespots

ocelli are present in free-living _____ and parasitic _____ (life stages)

adults, larvae

platyhelminthes often have sensory cells that detect _____ and ______ stimuli

tactile, chemical

statocysts help maintain…

equilibrium

what are rheoreceptors?

special statocysts that sense direction of current

platyhelminthes are ___ecious

mono

method of sexual reproduction for platyhelminthes

cross-fertilization

asexual reproduction method for turbellarians

fission

asexual reproduction method for cestodes

proglottid strobilation

2 sub-classifications of turbellaria (based on intestines)

polycladida, tricladida

polycladida

more highly branched intestine

tricladida

3-branched intestine

Bipalium adventitium is an _____ turbellarian from indonesia

invasive

common name for Biplaium adventitium

hammerhead worm

description of hammerhead worm

long, no eyespots, large auricles

who first discovered hammerhead worms in kutztown and when?

setliff, 2008

what do hammerhead worms eat, and how do they hunt for them?

earthworms, spiral around and melt them

a trematode will have a large ____ to house thousands of eggs

uterus

function of lytic enzymes (trematodes)

break down host tissues

when are cysts formed? (trematode)

during unfavorable conditions

function of hooks and suckers

attachment

why do parasites have increased reproductive capacity?

for species to live on

what happens to parasite inside intermediate host?

metamorphosizes but does not mature

what is the main purpose of second intermediate hosts?

transport

what happens to parasite inside definitive host?

matures, can reproduce sexually

trematode redia

first larval stage

trematode cercaria

second larval stage

parasite larvae have been seen to change the _____ of their hosts

behavior

do monogeneans infect humans?

no

monogeneans are mostly found infecting…

fish

monogeneans are mostly ___parasites

ecto

description and function of opisthaptor (monogeneans)

basket of hooks, scars tissue

are monogeneans responsive to medication?

yes

the genus of flukes is often named after…

body part they target

the species of flukes is often named after…

their animal host

what is the head of a tapeworm called?

scolex

what 2 structures are often attached to the scolex?

hooks, suckers

tapeworms have no ____ or ____ organs

sensory, digestive

how do tapeworms absorb nutrients?

through skin

proglottid function

reproduction

around where in the tapeworm body do proglottids originate?

behind scolex

2 fertilization methods for tapeworms

cross-fertilization, self-fertilization

tapeworms have specialized ___ ____ mechanism to combat self-fertilization issues

gene repair

what is a tapeworm cyst called?

measle

why are pork tapeworms more dangerous?

they can break through blood-brain barrier

are platyhelminthes considered part of the lophotrochozoa clade?

yes