Purposive communication

mid term exam

What is LANGUAGE?

A structured system used to convey meaning.

Human Ability allows individuals to express thoughts, emotions, and ideas through speech, writing, or signs.

COMMUNICATION

the process of exchanging information.

Elements/Process of Communication

Barriers in communication are obstacles that hinder.

Types of communication barriers:

1. Physical Barriers- Environmental or external obstruct communication.

EX: Noise, Poor lighting or visibility, Distance between communicators, technical issues.

2. Language Barriers- Differences in language make communication difficult.

EX: Different language, Jargon slang, Poor communication, unclear pronunciation.

3. Cultural Barriers- Differences in cultural norms, values, or practices that affect communication.

EX: Different interpretation gestures tone, stereotypes biases cultural difference.

4. Psychological Barriers- Mental or emotional factors that interfere with communication.

EX: Stress anxiety, fear, prejudices preconceived emotions, lack of attention interest.

5. Emotional Barriers- Strong emotions that distort or block communication.

6. Perceptual Barriers- Differences in perception or interpretation of the same message.

7. Organizational Barriers- Structural or procedural issues within an organization that hinder communication.

8. Technological Barriers- Issues related to the use of technology in communication.

9. Physiological Barriers- Physical conditions that affect communication.

10. Semantic Barriers- Misunderstandings caused by the meaning or interpretation of words or symbols.

Communication Models

Communication models help explain how messages are transmitted between individuals or groups.

1. Aristotle’s Model of Communication (The Earliest Model)

is a linear model (one-way process) focused on persuasion. SPEAKER, MESSAGE, AUDIENCE

2. Lasswell’s Model of Communication (1948)

Lasswell’s Model is another linear model that explains communication Who → Says What → In Which Channel → To Whom → With What Effect?

3. Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication (1949)

the mathematical model of communication SENDER, ENCODER, CHANNEL, NOISE, DECODER, RECEIVER.

Classification of Communication

1. Based on Mode- The mode of communication refers to the medium or channel.

Verbal communication

2. Based on Context- the circumstances that give meaning to a message. The setting or environment.

3. Based on Purpose- the intent or goal behind the communication.

4. Based on Style - the tone, formality, and approach used in communication.

Language acquisition- the process of learning a language FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION, SECOND.

Speech Community- group of people who share a common language or dialect and follow the same linguistic rules.

Summary of the 7 Cs

Clarity

Conciseness

Correctness

Completeness

Coherence

Consideration

Courtesy