A-Z NAVLE Study Guide - Page 55 (Infectious diseases, parasites, and misc.)

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions from Page 55 of the NAVLE study guide, including parasites, bacteria, toxins, and reproductive/neurological conditions.

Coccidiosis

Necrosis and villous atrophy of the lower small intestine.

Cryptosporidium

Causes villous atrophy in the lower small intestine leading to malabsorptive diarrhea.

Enteric colibacillosis

Profuse watery diarrhea due to enterotoxin production; affects nursing and weaned pigs.

Salmonellosis

Inflammation and necrosis of the small and large intestines; in pigs, often septicemic disease; nursing pigs may have diarrhea and progress to septicemia.

Swine dysentery

Infection with Treponema hyodysenteriae causing mucoid diarrhea with flecks of blood; affects the large intestine; typically in ~1-week-old piglets.

Lincomysin

Lincomycin; a lincosamide antibiotic used against swine dysentery and other infections.

Rotavirus

Causes diarrhea in nursing piglets and weaned pigs; associated with villous atrophy in the middle portion of the small intestine.

TGE (Transmissible gastroenteritis) – Coronavirus

Virus that destroys villous epithelial cells in the jejunum and ileum; causes profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting.

Pigweed poisoning

Amaranthus reflexus ingestion leading to nephrosis and fatal uremia in cattle and pigs; high oxalate content may cause hypocalcemia.

Pilocarpine

Parasympathomimetic cholinergic alkaloid (muscarinic); stimulates smooth muscle and glands; ophthalmic miotic used to treat glaucoma; may be alternated with a mydriatic.

Pine shavings

Aromatic amines from pine bedding that can induce hepatic microsomal enzyme systems; not advised for rodents.

Piperazine

Anthelmintic active against ascarids; paralyzes worms by blocking acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction so they can be expelled.

Placenta (placentation types)

Bovine: cotyledonary placenta; fetal membranes palpable starting ~30 days. Mares and sows: diffuse placenta. Dogs and cats: zonary placenta. Primates and rodents: discoidal placenta.

Plague (Yersinia pestis)

Gram-negative, bipolar coccobacillus with a safety-pin appearance; flea-borne; causes plague (bubonic); suspect in cats with fever, pneumonia, lymphadenitis in endemic areas; diagnosed by blood culture, IFA, or aspirate; treated with streptomycin and tetracycline.

Plasmodium

Blood parasite of canaries and penguins; jumps between species easily; kept in indoor or fine-screen enclosures.

Platelets

Cell fragments essential for hemostasis and formation of a hemostatic plug; produced by megakaryocytes in bone marrow, lungs, and spleen; lifespan 7–10 days; normal count 200,000–500,000/μL; <30,000/μL risks spontaneous hemorrhage; tests include smear, platelet count, coagulation tests, bone marrow exam, and specialized platelet function tests.

Pneumocystitis

Causes respiratory signs in mice and rats.

Pneumoperitoneum

Gas visible on radiographs in the peritoneal cavity; causes include perforation, gas-producing bacteria; often associated with peritonitis requiring laparotomy/laparoscopy.

Pneumovagina

Equine pneumovagina (wind sucker); involuntary air entry into the vagina causing chronic distention and infertility; repaired with Caslick procedure.

Caslick procedure

Surgical procedure to repair the vulva to prevent pneumovagina in mares.

Polioencephalomalacia

Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in ruminants; noninfectious neurologic disease; usually affects animals under 2 years.