the most ultimate and epic anatomy lecture exam guide (based entirly on the videos, so hopefully, i better get a good ass grade)

List the two muscles that form the pelvic floor.

Levator ani and coccygeus (ischiococcygeus).

List the four muscles that form the quadricep muscles.

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.

List the three muscles that form the hamstring muscles.

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.

What is the origin of the psoas major?

Bodies, intervertebral discs, and transverse processes of T12–L5 vertebrae.

What is the insertion of the psoas major?

Lesser trochanter of the femur.

What is the action of the psoas major?

Flexes the thigh at the hip and assists with trunk flexion.

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

Posterior ilium, sacrum, and coccyx.

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

Gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract.

What is the action of the gluteus maximus?

Extends and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip.

What is the origin of the sartorius?

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

What is the insertion of the sartorius?

Medial surface of the proximal tibia (pes anserinus).

What is the action of the sartorius?

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh and flexes the knee.

What is the origin of the rectus femoris?

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) and superior rim of the acetabulum.

What is the insertion of the rectus femoris?

Tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament.

What is the action of the rectus femoris?

Extends the knee and flexes the hip.

What is the origin of the vastus lateralis?

Greater trochanter and linea aspera of the femur.

What is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?

Tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament.

What is the action of the vastus lateralis?

Extends the knee.

What is the origin of the vastus medialis?

Linea aspera and intertrochanteric line of the femur.

What is the insertion of the vastus medialis?

Tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament.

What is the action of the vastus medialis?

Extends the knee and stabilizes the patella.

What is the origin of the biceps femoris?

Long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: linea aspera of the femur.

What is the insertion of the biceps femoris?

Head of the fibula.

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

Flexes the knee and extends the hip.

What is the origin of the semitendinosus?

Ischial tuberosity.

What is the insertion of the semitendinosus?

Medial surface of the proximal tibia (pes anserinus).

What is the action of the semitendinosus?

Extends the hip and flexes the knee.

What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

Lateral condyle and lateral surface of the tibia.

What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal.

What is the action of the tibialis anterior?

Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.

What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

Medial and lateral condyles of the femur.

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

Calcaneus via the Achilles tendon.

What is the action of the gastrocnemius?

Plantarflexes the foot and flexes the knee.

List the four rotator cuff muscles.

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

What is the origin of the trapezius?

Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7–T12.

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

Clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.

What is the action of the trapezius?

Elevates, retracts, rotates, and depresses the scapula.

What is the origin of the rhomboid major?

Spinous processes of T2–T5 vertebrae.

What is the insertion of the rhomboid major?

Medial border of the scapula.

What is the action of the rhomboid major?

Retracts and rotates the scapula.

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

Spinous processes of T7–L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and lower ribs.

What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

Intertubercular groove of the humerus.

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

What is the origin of the deltoid?

Lateral clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.

What is the insertion of the deltoid?

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.

What is the action of the deltoid?

Abducts the arm; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate, posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate.

What is the origin of the supraspinatus?

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula.

What is the insertion of the supraspinatus?

Greater tubercle of the humerus.

What is the action of the supraspinatus?

Initiates abduction of the arm.

What is the origin of the infraspinatus?

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula.

What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?

Greater tubercle of the humerus.

What is the action of the infraspinatus?

Laterally rotates the arm.

What is the origin of the teres minor?

Lateral border of the scapula.

What is the insertion of the teres minor?

Greater tubercle of the humerus.

What is the action of the teres minor?

Laterally rotates the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.

What is the origin of the subscapularis?

Subscapular fossa of the scapula.

What is the insertion of the subscapularis?

Lesser tubercle of the humerus.

What is the action of the subscapularis?

Medially rotates the arm.

What is the origin of the pectoralis major?

Clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of ribs 1–6.

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

What is the action of the pectoralis major?

Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

What is the origin of the biceps brachii?

Short head: coracoid process; long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula.

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

Radial tuberosity.

What is the action of the biceps brachii?

Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

What is the origin of the triceps brachii?

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; lateral and medial heads: posterior humerus.

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii?

Olecranon process of the ulna.

What is the action of the triceps brachii?

Extends the elbow.

What is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?

Medial epicondyle of the humerus.

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis?

Bases of the second and third metacarpals.

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?

Flexes and abducts the wrist.

What is the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon of ulna.

What is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Pisiform, hamate, and base of the fifth metacarpal.

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

Flexes and adducts the wrist.

What is the origin of the extensor digitorum?

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum?

Extensor expansions of digits 2–5.

What is the action of the extensor digitorum?

Extends fingers and wrist.

Define the origin of a muscle.

The attachment site of a muscle to the stationary bone.

Define the insertion of a muscle.

The attachment site of a muscle to the bone that moves during contraction.

Define the action of a muscle.

The movement produced when the muscle contracts.

Define the innervation of a muscle.

The nerve supply that stimulates the muscle to contract.

Define prime mover (agonist).

The muscle primarily responsible for producing a specific movement.

Define synergist.

A muscle that assists the prime mover.

Define fixator.

A muscle that stabilizes the origin of the prime mover.

Define antagonist.

A muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover.

What is the origin of the frontalis?

Epicranial aponeurosis.

What is the insertion of the frontalis?

Skin of the eyebrows and forehead.

What is the action of the frontalis?

Raises eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead.

What is the origin of the occipitalis?

Occipital bone and mastoid process.

What is the insertion of the occipitalis?

Epicranial aponeurosis.

What is the action of the occipitalis?

Retracts the scalp.

What is the origin of the zygomaticus major?

Zygomatic bone.

What is the insertion of the zygomaticus major?

Corner of the mouth.

What is the action of the zygomaticus major?

Elevates the corner of the mouth (smiling).

What is the origin of the masseter?

Zygomatic arch.

What is the insertion of the masseter?

Mandible.

What is the action of the masseter?

Elevates the mandible (closes the jaw).

What is the origin of the temporalis?

Temporal fossa of the skull.

What is the insertion of the temporalis?

Coronoid process of the mandible.

What is the action of the temporalis?

Elevates and retracts the mandible.

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?

Manubrium of sternum and clavicle.