Science Chemical Bonds

Ionization Energy

The ability of an atom to attract electrons

Electronegativity

The energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom

Ion

An atom that has gained or lost electrons

Octet Rule

Atoms tending to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to have a full valence shell of 8 electrons

Chemical Bond

The attractive force between atoms that binds them together as a unit, having one of these will decrease the potential energy of these atoms and increase their stability

Ionic Bond

Bond formed between a metal and a non metal that become ions due to the transfer of electrons

Characteristics of atoms in a chemical bond

Conduct electricity, dissolve in water, form crystals, and have increased melting points

Covalent Bond

Bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs

Characteristics of atoms in a covalent bond

Will NOT conduct electricity, dissolve in water, form crystals, and will have decreased melting points. These will also be odorous.

Non-polar Covalent Bond

When two atoms share electrons equally

Polar Covalent Bonds

When electrons are shared, but not equally

Up and to the Right

The ionization energy and electronegativity of an atom increases going _____, meaning non-metals have more of these qualities because they are the “takers”

Bigger atoms

It is easier to take electrons from _____ because their valence electrons are farther from the nucleus

Ionic

The greater the difference in electronegativity between atoms, the more ____ the bond becomes

Subscript

a small number written to the right and slightly below a chemical symbol to indicate the number of atoms of that element present in a molecule or compound

Oxidation State

the hypothetical charge an atom would have if all its bonds to different atoms were ioni

Cation

Atom with a positive oxidation state

Anion

Atom with a negative oxidation state

Polyatomic Atoms

A group of covalently bonded atoms that act as a single ion

Dipole

A region of positive and negative charge in a molecule or formula unit

Chemical Formula

A shorthand representation of a substance using the the symbols for the atoms as well as subscript to indicate the number of each ato