TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE APUSH GUIDE

What were the years of the progressive era?

1890-1920.

What was the progressive movement?

A movement of reform where the government is viewed as involved to fix issues.

Who were the progressive presidents?

Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson.

Who was the man who invented the idea of pragmatism?

William James.

What was the idea of John Dewey?

Education thrives with active engagement.

Who had the idea of timing factory workers to make work more efficient, streamlining the process of work.

Frederick Taylor (Taylorism).

What was the effect of Taylorism on factory production?

Led to modern mass production techniques and the invention of the assembly line.

What publishers often published works of muckrakers?

Collier’s and McClure’s exposes.

Who coined the term muckraker?

Theodore Roosevelt.

What muckraker exposed standard oils practices?

Ida Tarbell.

What was Ida Tarbell’s publication?

The History of Standard Oil.

What muckraker exposed practices in the meat packing industry?

Upton Sinclair.

What was the name of Upton Sinclair’s book, on the conditions of the meatpacking industry in Chicago?

The Jungle.

What two acts would be passed due to “The Jungle”?

The Pure Food and Drug Act, The Meat Inspection Act.

What was the movement that sought to apply Christian ethics to social problems?

Social Gospel.

What muckraker took photos of the insides of tenement houses?

Jacob Riis.

What was the name of Jacob Riis’ publication?

“How the Other Half Lives".

What muckraker exposed municipal corruption (political machines)?

Lincoln Steffens.

What was the name of Lincoln Steffens publication?

The Shame of Cities.

What Muckraker exposed the conditions of child laborers?

Lewis Hine.

What ballot, also known as a secret ballot, helped protect voter privacy during elections?

Australian ballot.

What was a direct primary?

gives voters the power to directly nominate candidates.

What is an initiative?

A method to force the legislature to consider a bill; propose a law by citizens and get it submitted to the people for a vote OR the legislature can make that a law.

What is a referendum?

A method of passing a law that allows citizens to vote on proposed laws.

What is a recall?

An election to determine whether an official should be removed from office before the end of his/her term.

What amendment allowed for the direct election of senators?

17th.

What reform happened to municipal utilites?

Utilities passed laws to limit rates or were publicized.

What type of government was developed after recovery from the Galveston Hurricane?

The City Manager (elected by city council).

Who was Hazen Pingree?

The mayor of Detroit who uses pragmatism. He made a community garden.

What was the most progressive state during the progressive era?

Wisconsin.

Who was the governor of Wisconsin who was progressive and considered the state the “laboratory of progressivism?”

Robert La Follete.

What tragedy in New York City led to safety reforms?

The Triangle Shirtwaist fire.

What happened as a result of the Triangle Shirtwaist fire?

56 worker safety laws were passed.

What was the association that Florence Kelley was a part of?

National Consumers’ league.

What area of reform did Florence Kelley focus on?

Child labor.

Who was the founder of the Women’s Christian temperance union?

Frances Willard.

What association was a temperance union that wanted to abolish bars. Carrie Nation was a part of it.

Anti-Saloon League.

What amendment began prohibition in order to save grains for troops?

18th Amendment.

What theory hypothesized that men and women lived out separate roles?

Separate Spheres theory.

What association was headed by Carrie Chapman Catt?

The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).

What organization did Alice Paul when she broke away from NAWSA?

The National Woman’s’ Party.

What amendment did Alice Paul advocate for?

The Equal Rights Amendment.

What amendment gave women suffrage?

19th amendment.

Who coined the term “Birth Control”?

Margaret Sanger.

What book did Margaret Sanger write?

The Woman rebel.

What was Margaret Sanger the founder of?

Planned parenthood.

What university was founded by Booker T. Washington?

The Tuskegee Institute.

What was Booker T. Washington’s controversial speech/plan?

The Atlanta Compromise.

What did Booker T. Washington advocate for?

Gradualism.

Who was the first African American to get a degree from Harvard?

W.E.B Dubois.

What book did W.E.B Dubois write?

The Souls of Black Folk.

What organization was led by W.E.B Dubois?

NAACP.

What movie by Griffith glorified the KKK?

Birth of a Nation.

What did Ida B Wells advocated against?

Lynchings.

Who was the leader of the socialist party of America?

Eugene V. Debs.

What was the nickname for the workers in the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)?

“The Wobblies.”

What act allowed the president the ability to designate federal public lands, waters and cultural and historical sites as national monuments?

Antiquities Act.

What well known national park did Theodore Roosevelt make in 1908?

Grand Canyon.

Who mediated negotiations between coal factory owners and labor union strikers in what is known as the “Square Deal"?

Teddy Roosevelt.

What Hepburn Act do?

It strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission.

How many trusts did Taft bust?

90 cases.

What did the Mann Elkins Act do?

gave the ICC power to regulate RR rates and to oversee telephone and telegraph lines.

Which amendment provided a graduated income tax?

16th amendment.

What plan by Woodrow Wilson limited big business and big government?

New Freedom.

What Tariff was immediately passed by Wilson when he got into office.

The Simmons Tariff.

What was the greatest success that Woodrow Wilson had during his presidency. (Hint: banking).

The Federal Reserve Act.

What did the Federal Reserve Act do?

It created 12 regional banks and regulated federal money supply.

What does the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulate?

Everything that is not banking or transportation.

What Act Strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

Clayton Anti-Trust Act.

What railroad was made that crossed all of America?

The transcontinental railroad.

What railroad company worked on the transcontinental railroad and started in the west?

Central pacific.

What railroad company worked on the transcontinental railroad and started in the east?

Union pacific.

Where did the Union pacific and central pacific railroad companies meet?

Promontory point, UT.

What did the US government give in return for the building of the transcontinental railroad?

land grants-subsidies.

What was the theory about the American west as far as farming goes.

“Great American Desert”. 1870s unusually dry decade.

Who invented barbed wire?

Joseph Glidden.

What bug infested many fields out west and destroyed crops?

Locusts.

Where would gold be discovered in Colorado in 1859?

Pike’s peak.

What Alaskan area would become used to extract silver?

The Klondike.

What area in Nevada would gold be found that would lead to the establishment of the boom town Virginia City?

Comstock Lode.

What was the nickname given to the long trip of cattle ranching between Texas and railroads in Kansas?

“The long drive.”

What city in Kansas was very important for railroad terminals and cattle ranching?

Dodge City.

What was the name given to Mexican cowboys?

Vaqueros.

What were “Range wars”

Fights/disputes between cattlemen and farmers, over where cattle could graze.

What was the Oklahoma land rush?

Land distributed by a race in Oklahoma by the United States government.

What was the nickname given to the people who cheated in the Oklahoma land rush?

Sooners.

Who invented the steam-powered tractor?

John Deere.

What was The Grange?

Small group of farmers who advocated for reforms in agricultural practices and transportation costs.

What was The Farmers’ Alliance?

Collective organization that advocated for interests of farmers. (Regional) They lobbied for reforms such as railroad regulation and currency expansion.

What were Granger Laws?

Laws that regulated railroad rates.

What court case upheld Granger Laws?

Munn v. Illinois.

What course would declare Granger Laws unconstitutional?

Wabash v. Illinois.

What agency was established by Congress to oversee and regulate the railroad industry?

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC).

What animal would be hunted almost to extinction in the American west by Americans?

Bison.

What did the 1st Treaty of Fort Laramie do?

Established territorial boundaries for the tribes and promised protection in exchange for peace. It would be violated.

What native American leader would lead plains tribes against the U.S army in the Black Hills and in Little Bighorn. Participate in the ghost dance, and be exiled by the US government?

Sitting Bull.

What Native American leader signed the second Treaty of Fort Laramie, had a war named after him, and attacked US workers on the Bozeman trail?

Chief Red Cloud.

What did chief Joseph try to do with his people?

He tried to escape to Canada. He would ultimately fail.

What was the Sand Creek Massacre?

An attack on a village of sleeping Native Indians by a regiment of the Colorado militiamen.

Who was the general who fought against the Native Americans at the battle of Little Bighorn?

General Custer.