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Spensarian Sonnet
Composed of 3 Sicilian quatrains and a heroic couplet.
Rhymes "abba cdcd efgefg (efefef)
Rhyme scheme interlocks wiht each of the quatrains
Such as the tezra rima is made of interlocking triplets
Rhyme Scheme
Pattern of rhymes in a poem, e.g., 'abab'.
Envelope Sonnet
Features two quatrains and a sestet with 'abba' rhymes.
Alliteration
Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.
Allusion
An indirect reference to a person or event.
Apostrophe
Addressing an absent or imaginary person.
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words.
Conceit
An extended metaphor comparing two unlike things.
Connotation
The implied meaning of a word beyond its definition.
Couplet
Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme.
Diction
Choice of words and style in writing.
Elegy
A mournful poem, often lamenting a loss.
End Rhyme
Rhyme occurring at the end of lines.
End-stopped Lines
Lines that pause at the end, marked by punctuation.
Enjambment
Continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond a line.
Free Verse
Poetry without a fixed meter or rhyme scheme.
Hyperbole
Exaggerated statements not meant to be taken literally.
Iambic Pentameter
A metrical line with five iambs per line.
Imagery
Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.
Irony
A contrast between expectation and reality.
Lyric Poem
A poem expressing personal thoughts and feelings.
Metaphor
A figure of speech comparing two unlike things.
Extended Metaphor
A metaphor developed over several lines.
Motif
A recurring theme or element in literature.
Narrative Poem
A poem that tells a story.
Octave
An eight-line stanza or poem section. Mostly refers to first 8 stanzas of italian sonnet
Ode
Usually a long, complex lyric expressing profound emotion. Its expression and style, usually more elaborate and exalted than other lyrics.
Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate natural sounds.
Oxymoron
A figure of speech combining contradictory terms.
Paradox
A statement that contradicts itself but reveals truth.
Personification
Attributing human qualities to non-human things.
Pun
A play on words for humorous effect.
Quatrain
A stanza of four lines with alternating rhymes. Lines 2 and 4 must rhyme while having similar number of syllables
Refrain
A repeated line or group of lines in poetry. (Especially at the end of each stanza or division of a poem or song)
Sestet
A six-line stanza, often concluding a sonnet.
Shift
A change in tone or perspective in a poem.
Simile
A comparison using 'like' or 'as'.
Sonnet
A 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme.
Stanza
A grouped set of lines in a poem.
Symbol
An object representing a larger idea.
Synecdoche
A figure of speech where a part represents the whole.
Tone
The attitude or mood conveyed in writing.
Understatement
A statement that minimizes the importance of something.
Blank Verse
unrhymed iambic pentameter
English/Shakespearean Sonnet
abab cdcd efef gg (3 quatrains and a couplet)
Italian or Petrarchan sonnet
Divided into an octave, (abbaabba) and a sestet (cdecde, cdcdcd, or cdccdc). The octave often presents a situation, attitude, or problem that the sestet comments upon or resolves.
Note 
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