Hormones

Flashcards about hormones.

What is cell communication?

Interaction between one cell with other cells or between a cell and its environment.

What is the purpose of cell communication?

To ensure that every organ in the body can perform its tasks to maintain life.

What is cell signaling?

A system of communication at the cellular level that regulates the activity and coordination between cells.

What are the steps of cell signaling?

Molecule sinyal/ signal, cell target receives signal, cell target responds to signal.

What are the types of cell signaling/communication?

Autocrine, paracrine, endocrine.

In endocrine communication, what do ligands do?

Ligands are transmitted through blood vessels.

What are the two mechanisms of hormone action?

Activation of enzymes and other dynamic molecules/Modulation of gene expression

What does catalytic mean?

The ability to perform catalysis.

What is a catalyst?

A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction at a certain temperature, without being altered or used up by the reaction itself

How do hormones generally work?

By binding receptors.

What are the two types of hormone receptors?

Surface receptors and intracellular receptors.

How are hormones classified?

Based on structure and solubility.

Based on structure, what kind of hormone building blocks are there?

Steroids - from cholesterol, amino acids, peptides, and fatty acids.

What are the fat-soluble hormones?

Steroid and thyroid hormones.

What are hormones or other molecules that block the action of hormones?

Hormone antagonists and hormone receptor antagonists.

What are the three mechanisms in which endocrine glands are stimulated to synthesize and release hormones?

Humoral stimulation, hormonal stimulation, and nerve stimulation.

Which non-endocrine cells produce hormones?

Lymphocytes, thymocytes, endothelial cells, and retinal cells.

What hormones do lymphocytes produce?

Prolactin, ACTH, melatonin, and GH.

What hormones does the gastrointestinal tract produce?

Gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and somatostatin.

KLASIFIKASI Gangguan Endokrin

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