UCSP 11 | Q3

Identity

Identity

The distinctive characteristic that defines an individual or is shared by those belonging to a particular group.

Identity

Can change over the course of a person’s lifetime, continuously shaped and reshaped through the passage of time along with the overall context of one’s life cycle

Identity

This concept is related to social, cultural, and political change. It is connected to the formation of individual and group identities

Culture

Loosely defined as a society's way of life, provides the basis for forging identities.

Culture

Allows people to understand themselves in relation to others and provides them a lens through which they base what is considered the “right way” of doing things

Society

A group of people living in a community, constantly changing and characterized by social relationships.

Social Science

The disciplines that study identity, culture, society, and politics.

Social Science

Comprised of a wide array of academic discipline that study the overall functions of society as well as interactions among its individual members and institutions.

Anthropology

The systematic study of the biological, cultural, and social aspects of man.

anthropos - man
logos - study or inquiry

Anthropology is derived from two greek words which are? (give its meaning)

Anthropology

A significant branch of knowledge as it integrates elements from biological sciences and humanities to fully comprehend the complex human species

Social Anthropology

This type of anthropology studies how social patterns and practices and cultural variations develop across different societies.

Cultural Anthropology

This type of anthropology studies cultural variation across different societies and examines the need to understand each culture in its own context.

Linguistic Anthropology

This type of anthropology studies language and discourse and how they reflect and shape different aspects of human society and culture.

Biological or Physical Anthropology

Studies the origins of humans and the interplay between social factors and the processes of human evolution, adaptation, and variation over time.

Archaeology

Deals with prehistoric societies by studying their tools and environment.

Sociology

The study of human social life, groups, and society, seeking to explain the bases of social order and social change.

Sociology

An academic discipline that attempts to provide a deeper assessment of individual and group behavior, as well as social phenomena, to by examining the interplay between economic, political, and social factors

Political Science

The systematic study of politics, focusing on the activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.

Political Science

Focuses on the fundamental values of equality, freedom, and justice and its processes are linked to the dynamics of conflict, resolution, and cooperation

Public Administration

Examines how the government functions and how decisions and policies are made.

Political Economy

Evaluates the interplay between economics, politics, and law and its implications for various institutions within society.

Comparative Politics

Compares domestic politics and governance systems across different sovereign states.

Istambays

usually regarded as unruly, often suspected of theft and other misdemeanors

10%

% of the Philippine population now abroad either temporarily or permanently.

modern-day heroes

Filipino emigrants are regarded as “ ” by both gov’t and their families.

Social background and identities

These shape people’s behavior and views about other people and society.

Society

Group of individuals sharing a common culture, geographical location, and government

Society

According to E.B Taylor, this is that complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything a person learns and shares as a member of society

Human beings

are considered to be naturally inclined to establish societies, since it is in interacting with others that they are able to ensure their survival by establishing mutually beneficial relationships with one another

• Hunting and Gathering Communities

• Horticultural and Pastoral Communities

• Agricultural Societies

• Industrial Societies

• Post-Industrialist Societies

5 Major Types of Society according to how they changed over time

Hunting and Gathering Communities

These date as far back as several MYA, were considered the first societies

Horticultural and Pastoral Communities

Their emergence was brought about by the gradual shift from the hunting - and - gathering lifestyle to a more sedentary life, and introduction of agriculture as a more stable food production method

Agricultural Societies

Food production became more efficient due to the new methods of farming, the invention of more advanced tools, and the establishment of permanent settlements

Industrial Societies

These societies’ technological advancements resulted in the invention of machines that improved production.

Cities

The rise of urban centers was also a major development during the period

Post-Industrialist Societies

A society where knowledge is a commodity and technological innovation is key to long-lasting growth and development.

Culture

One of the important bases that define and influence a society

Culture

Refers to the set of beliefs, ideas, values, practices, knowledge, history, and shared experiences, attitudes, as well as material objects and possessions accumulated over time and shared by society.

material culture and nonmaterial culture

two primary categories of culture

Material Culture

Composed of the physical or tangible objects produced, shared, and utilized within a society

Nonmaterial Culture

Consists of the intangible properties and elements of society that influence the patterns of action and behavior of its members.

Folklore

Comes in forms of myths, legends, folktales, proverbs, and riddles, embodies history, beliefs, ideas, values, and practices that define a society

Malakas at Maganda

a creation myth that tells about the origin of the Filipino people

• Symbols

• Language

• Values

• Norms

Four Vital Cultural Components of Individual Societies

Symbols

Things that convey meaning or represents an idea

Symbols

Essential in communication, shaping thoughts and ideas, defining a society’s culture

Language

Set of symbols that enables members of society to communicate verbally and nonverbally

Values

Shared ideas, norms, and principles that provide the standards that pertain to what is right or wrong, good or bad, desirable or undesirable

Norms

Shared rules of conduct that determine specific behavior among society members

• Folkways

• Mores

• Laws

Categories of Norms

Folkways

Norms that may be violated without serious consequences

Mores

Norms with moral connotations

Laws

Norms that are legally enacted and enforced

Socialization

The lifelong process of forging identity through social interaction

Enculturation

The process by which an individual learns or acquires important aspects of their society’s culture

Context

Particular circumstances of a certain culture and is defined by location, weather, time period, and other factors

Anthropology

Considers culture as the central focus of its discipline, Studies different cultures of different societies

Anthropology

Examines and provides explanations for the existence of different cultural patterns as well as the similarities and differences between different cultures

Relativistic Approach

Considers cultures as equal, holds that there are no superior and inferior cultures, and each is unique

Ethnocentric Approach

The belief that one’s native culture is superior to other cultures

Ethnocentrism

Diminishes or invalidates other ways of life and creates a distorted view of one’s own

Xenocentrism

The tendency of some societies to consider their culture as inferior to others

Cultural Relativism

Recognizes and accepts cultural differences between societies

Cultural Relativism

Believes that every aspect of culture can be justified by the context in which the culture has been formed

Sociology

Relates culture with the overall context of social order

Structural Functionalism

Operates on the assumption that society is a stable and orderly system

Conflict Theory

Assumes that there is a constant power struggle among the various social groups and institutions within society

Symbolic Interactionism

Views individual and group behavior and social interactions as defining features of society

Religion

Could be seen as a glue that unites Filipinos together

Roman Catholicism

Could be seen as a cultural tool that is partly responsible for the exclusion of other local cultures

Political Science

Looks into the decline of cultural domination by Western countries and the subsequent rise of multiculturalism

Political Science

Examines culture as a vital aspect of society

Multiculturalism

An ideology that acknowledges and promotes cultural diversity within society

Multiculturalism

Entails the establishment of political groups and institutions comprised of people from diverse cultures

Multiculturalism

Challenges the idea of the nation-state and the advancement of nationalist and ultranationalist policies

Cultural Sensitivity

Advances awareness and acceptance of cultural differences but encourages a critical stance in dealing with issues regarding diversity

Cultural Sensitivity

Advocates a respectful view of the uniqueness and distinctness of other cultures, and encourages individuals and societies to guard against ethnocentric and xenocentric views, as these are significant threats to cultural diversity and social stability

Socialization

refers to the lifelong process of social interaction through which people acquire their identities and necessary survival skills in society.

Political Socialization

a process which enables the development of citizens to function effectively within a particular political system.

Internalization

refers to the process of accepting the social norms, attitudes, roles, and values transmitted by people and social groups within society as one's own

Social Context

refers to the particular circumstances of a society and consists of its culture, language, and the social structures that define social class, ethnicity, and gender.

Content

refers to ideas, beliefs, behavior, and other information that are passed on by members of society to the individuals.

Process

refers to the methods of interaction that enable the content to be given to the person undergoing socialization.

Results

refer to the outcomes of socialization and are evident when individuals begin to practice the behaviors, attitudes, and values that society considers necessary for them to function effectively as its members.

Self-identity

which refers to the establishment of a unique sense of identity.

Enculturation

to describe the process of being socialized into a specific culture.

Participants or agents of socialization and enculturation

consist of persons, groups, and institutions that teach people essential knowledge to participate successfully in society.

Family

is the primary agent of socialization of an individual upon birth, throughout infancy, and up to childhood.

Schools

have a critical and active role in socialization as their various academic and social activities mold students' beliefs, values, and attitudes.

Peer groups

also reinforce acceptable behaviors introduced by the family and school, allow a certain degree of independence from family and certain figures of authority, and are also a means for socialization and involvement in social and political issues.

Mass media

includes forms of communication such as books, magazines, newspapers, other print materials, radio, television, and movies.

Mass media

It is a powerful agent of socialization which is widely used by many institutions and organizations involved in the use of print and electronic communication.

Pluralist model

This model portrays media as an ideological marketplace that enhances debate and electoral choice.

Market model

This model suggests that media reflects the views of the general public and that media presents what they think the people want.

dominant-ideology and elite-values models

put emphasis on the influence of bias in the activities of media institutions.

dominant-ideology model

traces this bias to links between media and the political and social elite.

Elite-values model

recognizes media bias as a product of the personal views of media professionals such as journalists, broadcasters, and editors

Religion and State

considered as the ultimate source of authority, making the church and government important agents of socialization.

Religion

exerts a great influence on the views of a person, legitimizes accepted social practices, and provides stability to society, and can even be sources of social change.