HOSA Pathophysiology Endocrine

hyperpituitarism

Excessive secretion of one or multiple hormones (often GH). Disorders and symptoms dependant on hormones affected

gigantism

Abnormal overgrowth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty

acromegaly

hypersecretion of GH after puberty

hypopituitarism

condition of diminished hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary gland

Growth hormone

promotes bone/tissue gorwth

Thyrotropin (TSH)

stimulates thyroid gland and production of thyroxine

ACTH (corticotropin

stimulates adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids

FSH Follicle-stimulating

initiates growth of over; spermatogenesis in testes

Luteinizing LH

causes ovulation;stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone;stimulates testosterone development

Prolacitn

breast development and formation of milk

MSH

stimulates skin pigmentation

Vsopressin ADH

water reabsorbtion by renal tubules

Oxytocin

uterine contractions; ejection of milk;

T4 and T3

regulates rate of cellular metabolism

Calcition

retention of calcium and phosphorus in bone

PTH

elevates calcium level

Minealocorticoids *aldosterone

retention of Na by kidneys; electrolyte / fluid homeostasis

Glucocorticoids (coritsol)

regulate metabolism of carbs, proteins and fats

Epinepherine

fight or flight response

Insulin

maintains proper blood glucose level

Glucagon

increases concentration of glucose in blood

Estrogen

female sex characteristics

Progesterone

maintains endometrium for pregnancy

Thymosin

development of immune cells

melatonin

daily patterns of sleep and wakerfulness

atrophy

(n.) the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; (v.) to waste away

dwarfism

underdevelopment in children caused by hypopituitarism

diabetes insipidus

deficiency in release of ADH; results in extreme thirsts and excessive urine

goiter

enlargment of the thyroid gland

hashimoto's thyroiditis

when the immune system attacks the thyroid gland

Grave's diesease

hyperthyroidism when the thyroid gland grows resulting in goiter and overproduction of thyroid hormones

Cretinism *congenital

hypothyroidism where thyroid gland is absent or t3/t4 is not produced

Myxedema

acquired hypothyroidism in which t4 is reduced

Thyroid cancer

neoplasm of the thyroid gland; encompasses tumors, lymphoma and metastases from breast, colon, kidney or skin cancers

dysphagia

difficulty in swallowing

hyperparathyroidism

overproduction of PTH. increases breakdown of bone form the skeletal system (deminrealization

hypoparathyroidism

reduced amounts of PTH. calcium levels decrease resulting in hypocalcemia which in turn can cause over stimulation of the skeletal muscles

cushing's syndrome

hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive cortisol levels (causes fatigue, weakness, weight gain)

addison's

adrenal insufficiency (hypoadrenalism); electrolyte imbalance

Diabetes Mellitus

Caused by a deficiency of insulin or a decreased response to insulin in target tissues

hyperglycemia

Condition of increased blood sugar.`

acidosis

Acidosis is increased acidity in the blood and occurs when the blood pH falls below 7.35.

polyuria

Excessive urination

polyphagia

Excessive eating

polydipsia

Condition of excessive thirst

pruritus

Intense itching

Type 1 Diabetes

the type of diabetes in which the pancreas produces no or very little insulin; often diagnosed in childhood, although some cases arise in adulthood. formerly called juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

A progressive disorder in which body cells become less responsive to insulin.

Type 3 Diabetes (Gestational)

damaged ability to process carbs during pregnancy; caused by destruction of insulin by the placenta

Hypoglcemia

when the blood contains less than the normal amount of sugar; occurs when excessive insulin enters the bloodstream or when the glucose release rate falls below tissue demands

Precocious Puberty Boys

Development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 9

Precocious Puberty Girls

onset of puberty before 8