SELF-STUDY WEEK 21

rooftop

/ˈruːftɑːp/

(noun) the outside surface of the roof of a building; mái nhà

example: a magnificent view of the rooftops

(adj) existing or happening on the outside surface of the roof of a building, trên sân thượng

example: We climbed the stairs to the rooftop terrace.

Eight prisoners staged a rooftop protest against overcrowding.

I have a rooftop garden

shuttle

/ˈʃʌtl/

(noun) a vehicle or aircraft that travels regularly between two places; xe đưa đón

example: To get across town, you can take the shuttle from Times Square to Grand Central.

There's a shuttle service(dịch vụ đưa đón) to and from the casino.

the needy

/ˈniːdi/

(noun) poor people (not having enough food, clothes, etc)

example: Let us pray for those who are not so fortunate as ourselves - the sick, the old, and the needy.

Amy is having a project to help homeless people and the needy

interval

/ˈɪntərvl/

(noun) a short period between the parts of a performance or a sports event; khoảng nghĩ

example: There will be two 20-minute intervals during the opera.

He scored his first goal of the match three minutes after the interval.

Don't worry, there will be some intervals during the play.

nap

/næp/

(noun) a short sleep, especially during the day; ngủ trưa

example: I usually take/have a nap after lunch to be awake in the evening.

put sth off

(phr v) to decide or arrange to delay an event or activity until a later time or date

example: The meeting has been put off for a week.

I can't put off going to the dentist any longer.

Luckily, the exam has been put off for a week.

take sth on

(phr v) to accept a particular job or responsibility; gánh vác

example: She took too much on and made herself ill.

You can't take on responsibility for the whole event.

take against someone

(phr v) to begin to dislike someone:; bắt đầu cảm thấy không thích ai hoặc cái gì, thường vì một lý do không rõ ràng hoặc vì một sự cố xảy ra trong quá khứ.

example: I think she took against me when I got the promotion she wanted.

She has always taken against her parents.

scrimp and save

/skrɪmp/

(phr) If you scrimp and save, you manage to live on very little money in order to pay for something; tằn tiện và tiết kiệm

example: My parents scrimped and saved to pay for my education.

They scrimped and saved but still, they couldn't afford an apartment.

Money was short and people survived by scrimping and saving.

scavenge

/ˈskævɪndʒ/

(verb) to look for or get food or other objects in other people's rubbish; bới rác

example: The flood has left people and animals desperately scavenging for food.

We managed to scavenge a lot of furniture from the dump.

He is so poor that he has to scavenge food

scour

/ˈskaʊər/

(verb) to search a place or thing very carefully in order to find something.

example: The police are scouring the area for the missing child.

I scoured the shops for a blue and white shirt, but I couldn't find one anywhere.

I scoured for an old book but couldn't find it on the bookshelf.

synonym: comb

scrounge

/skraʊndʒ/

(verb) to get things, especially money or food, by asking for them instead of buying them or working for them; mượn, xài ké,…

example: Peter never buys anything - he just scrounges (off his friends).

What is she scrounging for this time?

He's always scrounging free meals off us.

Thu is always scouring stationery of mine, and it's really annoying.

synonym: cadge

someone's bark is worse than his/her bite

idiom: If someone's bark is worse than their bite, they are not as unpleasant or frightening as they seem; chỉ những người mà có những lời nói quát tháo thế thôi, nhưng thực ra họ không nguy hiểm và tâm địa không có gì ác độc cả

example: Don't let her frighten you - her bark is worse than her bite.

Although he acts tough, his bark is worse than his bite.

Don't worry, her bark is worse than her bite.

a hard/tough nut to crack

idiom: a problem that is very difficult to solve or a person who is very difficult to understand; người khó hiểu, vấn đề nan giải,...

example: My boss wants me to increase sales. I mean, during the pandemic? That’s gonna be a tough nut to crack.

Anna felt herself is a tough nut to crack, she's never known what she like!

Well, he/she was really a hard nut to crack

learn something the hard way

idiom: to discover what you need to know through experience or by making mistakes

example: He doesn’t want to take my advice, so I guess he'll have to learn the hard way.

She learned the hard way not to completely trust anyone, even if they are your lovers.

I've learnt it the hard way that something that doesn't belong to you will never be yours, no matter how hard you try

up to scratch

idiom: reaching an acceptable standard; đạt yêu cầu, đạt tiêu chuẩn

example: Your last essay wasn't up to scratch/didn't come up to scratch.

I think you should amend your work, it isn't up to scratch.

The hotels they recommended weren’t up to scratch.

step into the breach

(idiom) If you step into the breach, you do someone else's work when they are unable to do it (thực hiện việc hay thế chỗ người khác khi họ không hoàn thành hoặc không có khả năng hoàn thành công việc, nhiệm vụ.)

example: She stepped into the breach caused by Stella's illness.

When his manager went on a business trip, Mark stepped into the breach and chaired the meeting.

Due to Rory's absence, Alice had to step into the breach.

undereducated

/ˌəndərˈejəkādəd/

ít xài

(adj) not educated to a sufficient or required standard

example: The schoolchildren are undereducated, unskilled, and unprepared for the world of work.

an undereducated youth

wash up

phr v: 1. rửa chén, đĩa (học rồi nên không ghi lại)

2. wash your hands, especially before a meal

example: Go wash up - your dinner's ready.

Children should learn to wash up their hands before meals.

hear from someone

phr v: If you hear from someone, you get a letter, email, or phone call from that person, or that person tells you something; hay tin, nghe tin từ ai đó.

example: We haven't heard from her for ages.

You'll be hearing from my solicitors (= they will write to you about my complaint).

Have you heard much from Hazel these days?

turn over

phr v: 1. If an engine turns over, its parts move in order to make the engine start running; động cơ quay để máy móc chạy

=> Help, my car can't start though the engine had turned over.

2. to change to a different television station; chuyển/ đổi kênh

=> Mom, can I turn over to watch ĐI GIỮA TRỜI RỰC RỠ?

3. If a business turns over a particular amount of money, it does that amount of business during a stated period; đạt được ( số tiền )

=> Due to the staff's hard work, our company has turned over $10 million this year!

4. lật lại ( đã học )

5. to think about something for a period of time; suy nghĩ

=> His father had been turning the idea over in his mind for some time.

6. to use or allow something to be used for a different purpose; chuyển nhượng

=> Grants are being offered to farmers who agree to turn over their land to parkland.

primarily

/praɪˈmerəli/

adv: mainly

example: The size and shape of a nail depend primarily on the function for which it is intended.

The person primarily responsible is the project manager.

The problem is not primarily a financial one.

In Vietnam, we primarily eat rice.

synonym: chiefly, in the main, mainly, principally

put something across/ over

phr v: to express your ideas and opinions clearly so that people understand them easily; truyền đạt tốt

example: It's an interesting idea and I thought he put it across well.

He has an inspirational politication, who put across his ideas with clarity.

Being confident will partly help you to put across your ideas better.

put something up

phr v: 1. to raise something, or to fix something in a raised position

=>Why don't you put up your hood/umbrella?

I put my hand up to ask the teacher a question.

2. to build something

=> I'm going to put up a white fence in my lovely garden.

3. to fix an object to a vertical surface; dán, dựng

=> I have put up some Blackpink's poster in my bedroom.

4. to increase the price or value of something; tăng giá

=> Oh no, it has been put up again.

5. to preserve food in glass or metal containers, bảo quản, đặt

=> You can put up strawberries after the harvest in this box.

6. to show or express a particular type of opposition to something

=> The villagers were unable to put up any resistance to the invading troops. (chống trả)

put someone through

phr v: to connect a person using a phone to the person they want to speak to; chuyển máy, nối máy

example: Could you put me through to customer services, please?

Hello. Is that 4578? Please put me through to the manager.

Can you put me through to Jasmine? I need to talk to her now.

uphold

/ʌpˈhəʊld/

verb: to defend or keep a principle or law, or to say that a decision that has already been made, especially a legal one, is correct; ủng hộ, tán thành, đỡ, chống đỡ

example: As a police officer you are expected to uphold the law whether you agree with it or not.

People of all countries are expected to uphold the principles of the United Nations.

Louis has always upholds his daughter decision.

inspect

/ɪnˈspekt/

verb: to look at something or someone carefully in order to discover information, especially about their quality or condition; xem xét kỹ, kiểm tra, thanh tra

example: After the crash both drivers got out and inspected their cars for damage.

You should inspect the goods before paying for them when shopping online.

She held the bank note up to the light and inspected it carefully.

synonym: check, check something out, examine, peruse, scan, study, survey

exaggerate

/ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt/

verb: to make something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is; thổi phồng, phóng đại, cường đại

example: The threat of attack has been greatly exaggerated.

Don't exaggerate - it was not that bad.

I hate the way my uncle exaggerates his daughter's achievements.

I'm not exaggerating - it was the worst meal I've ever eaten in my life.

synonym: emphasize, foreground, highlight, overplay, overstate, spotlight

antonym: downplay, minimize, understate

integrate

/ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/

verb: 1. to mix with and join the society or a group of people, often changing to suit their way of life, habits, and customs; hoà hợp, hoà nhập

example: I find it difficult to integrate into a new environment.

It's very difficult to integrate yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own.

2. to combine two or more things to become more effective; kết hợp, hợp nhất, tích hợp

example: You need to integrate theory with practice to achieve a higher score.

These programs will integrate with your existing software.

illiteracy

/ɪˈlɪtərəsi/

noun: 1. a lack of the ability to read and write, mù chữ

example: In rural areas, illiteracy is widespread.

Teachers and other professionals are taking part in a campaign to eradicate illiteracy.

It is sad when the illiteracy of children in mountainous areas is still high.

2. a lack of knowledge about a particular subject

example: I have a math illiteracy.

Geographic illiteracy is a problem that only can be tackled by making the subject more interesting to students.

antonym: literacy

unacceptably

/ˌʌnəkˈseptəbli/

adv: in a way that cannot be accepted, approved of, or allowed to continue:

example: There is an unacceptably high level of unemployment in our country.

The illiteracy rate on the island is still unacceptably high.

antonym: tolerably

distribution

/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/

noun: the process of giving things out to several people, or spreading or supplying something; sự phân phối

example: Has the Channel Tunnel improved the distribution of goods

We could reduce our costs by developing a more efficient distribution network.

They studied the geographical distribution of the disease.

The distribution of "gà tre" in central Vietnam is controlled by Hồ Thị Tuyên.

commercialized

/kəˈmɝː.ʃəl.aɪzd/

adj: organized in order to make a profit, thương mại hoá

example:

Most people agree that Christmas has become too commercialized.

Sadly, many holidays have become too commercialized.

commerce

/ˈkɑːmɜːrs/

noun: the activities involved in buying and selling things; thương mại

example: the world of commerce and industry

She is working in commerce.

We are trying to develop a model for best practices in electronic commerce.

He won't last long in the world of commerce.

synonym: business, enterprise, trade

misinform

/ˌmɪsɪnˈfɔːrm/

verb: to tell someone information that is not correct; được/bị thông tin sai lệch,.

example: I was told she would be at the meeting, but I was misinformed.

I was misinformed about the meeting – it was yesterday, not today.

I was misinformed about the math exam so I just got a C

They told me the museum was open today but was misinformed.

misbehave

/ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv/

verb: to behave badly

example: I am regret for misbehaving in primary school.

Any child caught misbehaving was made to stand at the front of the class.

She found that it was difficult to handle children who misbehaved in class.

antonym: behave

hatred

/ˈheɪtrɪd/

noun: an extremely strong feeling of dislike; sự/lòng căm thù

example: Paul's hatred for the occupants grew much stronger when he learned about his parent's death.

She gave me a look of intense hatred.

There was fear and hatred in his voice.

synonym: abhorrence, detestation, hate, loathing

occupant

/ˈɑːkjəpənt/

noun: 1. a person who lives or works in a room or building

example: The previous occupants were an Italian family.

All outstanding bills will be paid by the previous occupants.

She decided not to buy this house when hearing its first occupants had died.

2. a person who is in a car, room, seat, place, or position

example: The car was badly damaged but the occupants were unhurt.

disobedience

/ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/

noun: the quality of being disobedient

example: Disobedience at this school is severely punished, so remember to mind your manners both during the lessons and outside the classroom.

Parents should not encourage disobedience by rewarding bad behavior.

Paul was punished for his disobedience to his parents.

breathtaking

/ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/

adj: extremely exciting, beautiful, or surprising; ngoạn mục

example: The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.

His performance is described in the paper as "a breathtaking display of physical agility".

The view that came into perspective was breathtaking.

The landscape was so breathtaking that we all wanted to stay longer.

enchanted

/ɪnˈtʃæntɪd/

adj: affected by magic or seeming to be affected by magic; mê hoặc

example: They met in Paris one enchanted afternoon in early autumn.

an enchanted forest/kingdom

Aria's beauty is so enchanted that every boy she meets is in love with her.

lush

/lʌʃ/

adj: A lush area has a lot of green, healthy plants, grass, and trees; xanh tươi, tươi tốt

example: lush green valleys

lush vegetation

the lush green countryside

She has a big lush garden with many flowers and fruits.

synonym: green, verdant, luxuriant

moist

/mɔɪst/

adj: slightly wet, especially in a good way; ẩm

example: Keep the soil in the pot moist, but not too wet.

The warm moist air is perfect for growing fruit trees.

Watering trees often will help to keep the soil moist.

The hill on which they stayed was enchanted by the lush tropical forests and haze of moist air hanging above their heads.

trail

/treɪl/

noun: 1. a path through a countryside, mountain, or forest area, often made or used for a particular purpose; đường mòn

example: a forest/mountain trail

Fortunately, the trail was still warm (= clear and easy to follow).

The trail was so cold that we couldn't follow up.

2. various pieces of information that together show where someone you are searching for has gone; dấu vết

example: We found the robber by his trail on the floor.

a trail of blood

He left a trail of muddy footprints behind him.

mastermind

/ˈmæstərmaɪnd/

noun: someone who plans a difficult activity, often a crime, in detail and makes certain that it happens successfully; kẻ chủ mưu

example: He was the mastermind behind the scheme.

They were the mastermind behind the accident.

The mastermind behind the robbery was never caught.

candid

/ˈkændɪd/

adj: honest and telling the truth, especially about something difficult or painful; thẳng thắn, thành thật

example: The two presidents have had candid talks about the current crisis.

To be candid with you, I think you're making a dreadful mistake.

a candid statement/interview

What do you think of my new hairstyle? Be candid.

synonym: forthright

unsettling

/ʌnˈsetlɪŋ/

adj: causing worry or anxiety; khó chịu

example: One of the documentary's many unsettling images is of a child playing with her father's gun.

Seeing your girlfriend go out with another boy is an unsettling feeling.

her arrival had a very unsettling effect on him

immersive

/ɪˈmɜːrsɪv/

adj: (of a game, performance, work of art, etc.) seeming to surround the audience, player, etc. so that they feel completely involved in something; nhập vai

example: I'd like to have an immersive experience in a movie.

Immersive games can be used for training and education.

The new game is more immersive.

track sth/someone down

phr v: to find something or someone after looking for it, him, or her in a lot of different places; tìm kiếm

example: He finally managed to track down the book he wanted.

I have tracked my notebook down all day, but I still can't find it

I’m trying to track down one of my old classmates from college.

bring sth in

phr v: 1. to ask someone to do a particular job

=> We need to bring in an expert to deal with this problem.

I brought Steve in this project to bring better results.

2. to make money

=> Their chain of restaurants brings in millions of dollars a year.

3. to introduce something new such as a product or a law:

=> New safety regulations have been brought in.

cover sth up

phr v: to stop people from discovering the truth about something bad; che đậy

example: The company tried to cover up its employment of illegal immigrants.

They are covering up their children the fact that they're going to get divorced.

He accused the police of covering up for each other.

They’re trying to cover up the truth.

hold up

phr v: 1. to remain strong or successful; giữ nguyên

=> I hope the repairs hold up until we can get to a garage.

She's holding up well under the pressure.

2. to delay or block the movement or progress of; trì hoãn

=> An accident is holding up traffic.

Unfortunately, the event has been held up for 2 weeks.

3. to steal from someone using violence or the threat of violence; ăn cướp (from bank, shop)

=> They held the same bank up twice in one week.

The two boys held up a clothes shop last night.

undeniable

/ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbl/

adj: certainly true; không thể chối cãi

example: an undeniable fact

It is an undeniable fact that crime is increasing.

The link between poverty and bad health is undeniable.

It is an undeniable fact that Bao Ngoc is the best student in her grade.

a woman of undeniable brilliance

antonym: deniable

unrealistic

/ˌʌnriːəˈlɪstɪk/

adj: having a wrong idea of what is likely to happen or of what you can do; not based on facts; không thực tế

example: I think these sales forecasts are unrealistic, considering how slow sales are at present.

Steve's parents also have unrealistic expectations of him

It is unrealistic to expect yourself to get a high grade just after a night.

antonym: realistic

disguise

/dɪsˈɡaɪz/

verb: 1. to give a new appearance to a person or thing, especially to hide its true form; che giấu, cải trang

example: He disguised himself by wearing a false beard.

Celebrities usually disguise themself by wearing the mask.

Minor skin imperfections can usually be disguised with a spot of make-up.

2. to hide an opinion, a feeling, etc.; che giấu

example: I couldn't disguise my disappointment.

I couldn't disguise my surprise when I found out Jane could study at Harvard.

catch someone up on sth

phr v: 1. to give someone the latest news or information about sth; cập nhật

=> Can someone catch me up on the latest developments?

Can you catch me up on Emma's health?

2. to do something that you have not been able to do recently; bắt kịp

=> I have to catch up on my reading.

You need to catch up on your study.

embark on/upon sth

phr v: to start something new or important; bắt đầu

=> We’ve embarked upon an exciting new project.

She graduated in 1962 and embarked on a career as a teacher.

embark on a plan/program/project

get out of

phr v: to avoid a responsibility or duty; trốn tránh

example: We promised we'd go—we can't get out of it now.

I wish I could get out of going to that meeting.

watch out for someone/sth

phr v: to be careful to notice someone or something interesting; hãy chú ý

example: Watch out for his latest movie, out next month.

Watch out for the stairs—they're steep.

visibly

/ˈvɪzəbli/

adv: in a way that can be noticed; obviously; rõ ràng

example: The Princess, visibly moved, kept her head bowed during the ceremony.

He was visibly shocked.

She paled visibly at the news.

deceptively

/dɪˈseptɪvli/

adv: in a way that is deceptive (= making you believe something that is not true); một cách đánh lừa, lừa dối

example: The plan seemed deceptively simple (= it seemed simple but was not).

The tool is noisy to use and deceptively dangerous (= it is more dangerous than it seems).

confront someone with something

phr v: to tell someone what they do not want to hear, often because it is about something bad that they have done or because it needs an explanation; đối diện, chạm trán, đương đầu với, đối mặt

example: I know she's the one who made the error, but I don't want to confront her with it without having any hard evidence.

When confronted with a bear, stop and stay calm.

intimately

/ˈɪntɪmətli/

adv: 1. closely in a personal or sexual way; 1 cách thân mật, sâu sắc

=> The two of them have been intimately involved for a year.

She was talking intimately with a young man.

They touched each other intimately.

2. in a very detailed way (một cách rõ ràng, tường tận)

=> She's been intimately involved in the project since it began.

He knew the area intimately.

Local residents are intimately familiar with the area.

saturated

/ˈsætʃəreɪtɪd/

adj: completely wet; bão hoà, ướt

example: The drainage system prevents the soil from becoming saturated.

Saturated soil lacks air, without which plant roots die.

Unfortunately, the ground is getting saturated

synonym: soaked, moist, damp, soaked, drenched

vibration

/vaɪˈbreɪʃn/

noun: continuous quick, slight shaking movement:

example: Vibrations were felt hundreds of miles from the centre of the earthquake.

Aircraft manufacturers want to reduce vibration for the sake of safety.

Their instruments can detect the slightest vibration.

vibrations from heavy traffic

Is it possible to reduce the level of vibration in the engine?

alternately

/ˈɔːltərnətli/

adv: luân phiên, xen kẽ; in a way that involves two things happening or existing one after the other repeatedly

example: The film is alternately depressing and amusing.

During the show she's accompanied alternately by a piano and a guitar.

He felt alternately hot and cold.

covered with something

collocation: 1. (of a surface or object) having a lot of something on it; (also covered in something)

example: His face was bruised and covered with blood.

The chain came off his bike and although he fixed it, Miles found himself covered in oil.

2. (also covered by something)

(of an object or surface) having a layer of something on top of it

example: We pulled off the road into a field covered with snow.

I like my vegetables covered with cheese.

be in need of sth

definition: to need help, advice, money etc, because you are in a difficult situation; đang cần, đòi hỏi

example: This project is in urgent need of funding.

Are you in need of help?

Many families are in need of food assistance during the pandemic. (Nhiều gia đình đang cần hỗ trợ thực phẩm trong đại dịch.)

The local community is not in need of more shelters currently (Cộng đồng địa phương hiện không cần thêm nơi trú ẩn)

trigger

/ˈtrɪɡər/

noun: a part of a gun that causes the gun to fire when pressed

example: It's not clear who actually pulled the trigger. (bóp cò)

to pull/squeeze the trigger

He kept his finger on the trigger.

resignation

/ˌrezɪɡˈneɪʃn/

noun: 1. the act of telling your employer that you are leaving your job

example: I handed in my resignation this morning.

Her resignation came as quite a shock.

a letter of resignation

2. a sad feeling of accepting something that you do not like because you cannot easily change it; sự cam chịu

example: They received the news with resignation.

He accepted his fate with resignation.