Water and Minerals Chapter 9 Bio 1322

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and essential nutrition facts about water and minerals as discussed in the lecture.

Dehydration

Refers to body water depletion, which can become life-threatening and requires urgent medical care.

Major minerals

Essential mineral elements required in amounts of 100 mg or more per day, such as calcium and potassium.

Trace minerals

Essential mineral elements required in amounts less than 100 mg per day, such as iron and selenium.

Fluid balance

The balance of fluids in the body, which is maintained by potassium, sodium, and chloride ions.

Osmosis

The diffusion of a solvent, such as water, through a selectively permeable membrane.

Electrolytes

Ions that conduct electricity and are crucial for maintaining body fluid balance.

Sodium (Na)

Involved in normal fluid balance, nerve impulse conduction, and muscle function.

Potassium (K)

A key positively charged ion in intracellular fluid, important for fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle contraction.

Calcium (Ca)

The most plentiful mineral in the human body, essential for bone health, blood clotting, and nerve transmission.

Magnesium (Mg)

Participates in over 300 chemical reactions in the body and is important for muscle and nerve function.

Iron (Fe)

A crucial mineral for oxygen transport in the blood and cellular metabolism.

Water intoxication

Condition that occurs when too much water is consumed, leading to hyponatremia and potentially severe health issues.

Bioavailability

The degree to which nutrients can be absorbed and utilized by the body.

Thirst

The primary regulator of fluid intake, which may not be sufficient to prevent dehydration in older adults or those in extreme conditions.

Iron deficiency anemia

A condition resulting from inadequate iron, leading to low hemoglobin levels and impaired oxygen transport.