Studied by 31 PeopleTags & Description
Socrates
He was the first philosopher who ever engage in a systematic questioning about the self
Plato
He said that when three components of the soul are attained, the human's soul becomes just and virtuous
St. Augustine
He followed the view of Plato but he added Christianity.
Socrates
For him, the worst thing that can happen to anyone is to live but die inside
lives eternally in spiritually bliss with God.
Following the view of Plato but adds Christianity, St. Augustine claims that the body dies on earth, but the soul _________.
Rational soul
Mary has the capacity to decide what is factual and obvious, she can judge what is untrue. What part of the soul is responsible for Mary's sensible decisions?
Appetitive soul
Nica experiences effortless cravings that are required for her to stay alive like hunger and thirst. What part of the soul is accountable for Nica's desires?
Rene Descartes
They all believed that a man is a dual nature of body and soul, except?
has wisdom
For Socrates and Plato, the goal of life is to be happy. One becomes happy if one?
Gilbert Ryle
He states that what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life
Greeks
question myths and moved away from them in attempting to understand reality and respond to perennial questions of curiousity
Thales
water is the arche
Pythagoras
mathematics
Parmenides
metaphysics
Heraclitus
cosmology
Empedocles
four elements Others
St. Thomas Aquinas
Adapting some ideas from Aristotle, he said that indeed, man is composed of two parts: matter and form.
Matter/hyle
Refers to the "common stuff that make up everything in the universe". Man's body is part of the matter
form/morphe
Refers to the "essence of a substance or a thing." It is the soul that animates the body.
COGITO and EXTENZA
For Descartes, the self is also a combination of two distinct entities.
David Hume
An empiricist who believes that one can only know what comes from the senses and experiences.
Idea and Impressions
To Hume, the self is nothing else but a bundle of impressions that can be categorized into two.
Immanuel Kant
there is necessarily a mind that organizes the impressions that men get from the external world
Gilbert Ryle
He solved the mind-body dichotomy that has been running for a long time in the history of thought
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Says that mind and body are so intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another.
Marcel Mauss
French anthropologist who explained the phenomena of the ability of the self to adapt to different circumstances.
Social Constructionistperspective
A view that the 'person' and their 'social context' where the boundaries of one cannot be separated from the boundaries of the other
Moi
It refers to a person's sense of who he is, his body and his basic identity, his biological givenness.
Personne
It is composed of the social concepts of what it means to be who he is
Language
is another interesting aspect of social constructivism.
Cognitive construct
people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through their experiences and their reflections upon these experiences.
William James
One of the earliest psychologists to study the self and conceptualized the self as having two aspects - the "I" and the "Me".
Carl Rogers
He believed that humans have one basic motive, that is the tendency to self-actualize
i.e., to fulfill one's potential and achieve the highest level of 'human-beingness' we can.
Self-schema
Our organized system or collection of knowledge about who we are.
Sigmund Freud
He saw the self, its mental processes, and one's behavior as the results of the interaction between the Id, the Ego, and Superego.
Symbolic Intractionism
The self is created and developed through human interaction.
Private Self
internal standards and private thoughts and feelings
Public Self
your public image commonly geared toward having a good presentation of yourself to others.
Actual Self
it is who you are at the moment
Ideal Self
who you like to be
Ought Self
who you think you should be.
Self-consciousness
Too much self-awareness that we are concerned about being observed and criticized by others.
Deindividuation
The loss of individual self-awareness and individual accountability in groups.
Social Comparison Theory
We learn about ourselves, the appropriateness of our behaviors, as well as our social status by comparing aspects of ourselves with other people.
Downward Social Comparison
we create a positive self-concept by comparing ourselves with those who are worse off than us.
Upward Social Comparison
comparing ourselves with those who are better off than us.
Self-evaluation Maintenance Theory
We can feel threatened when someone outperforms us, especially when that person is close to us.
Narcissism
A trait that is characterized by overly high self-esteem, self-admiration, and self- centeredness.
Confucianism
It is focued on having a harmonious social life
Self cultivation
seen as the ultimate purpose of life. also called "subdued self" Personal needs are repressed for the good of many
chun tzu
a man of virtue or noble character
Taoism
The ideal self is selfless but this is not forgetting about the self
Buddhism
the self is also the source of all these sufferings.
-Forget about the self -Forget the craving of the self -Break the attachments with the world -Renounce the self
To attain the state of Nirvana
Individual culture
The focus is on the person/self
Collectivist culture
Group and social relations is given more importance
Gonads
reproductive glands that produce the gametes; testis or ovaries
hermaphrodite
is an organism with both male and female genitalia.
Pseudohermaphrodites
Individuals having accessory reproductive structures that do not "match" their gonads.
True hermaphrodites
Individuals who possess both ovarian and testicular tissues, but this condition is rare in nature.
Cryptorchidism
a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum
Meiosis
is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
Phimosis
narrowing of foreskin of the male reproductive structure and misplaced urethral opening.
Turner's syndrome
a condition that affects only females, results when one of the X chromosomes (sex chromosomes) is missing or partially missing.
Klinefelter's syndrome
a genetic condition that results when a boy is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome.
Menarche
the first menstrual period of females which happens 2 years after the start of puberty.
Vaginal infections
are more common in young and elderly women and in those whose resistance to disease is low.
Orchiditis/orchitis
inflammation of testes that can cause sterility.
Solitary behavior
Sexual behavior involving only one individual
Self-gratification
self-stimulation that leads to sexual arousal and generally, sexual climax.
Sociosexual behavior
Heterosexual behavior is the greatest amount of sociosexual behavior that occurs between only one male and one female.
Petting
engage in sexually stimulating caressing and touching
Coitus
the insertion of the male reproductive structure into the female reproductive organ.
Premarital coitus
in modern Western societies, it is more likely to be tolerated but not encouraged if the individuals intend marriage
Marital coitus
in most societies, it is considered as an obligation.
Extramarital coitus
involving wives is generally condemned and, if permitted, is allowed only under exceptional conditions or with specified persons.
Post-marital coitus
coitus by separated, divorced or widowed person.
Excitement Phase
it is caused by increase in pulse and blood pressure;
Plateau phase
If stimulation is continued, orgasm usually occurs.
Sexual climax
a rapid increase in pulse rate and blood pressure, and spasms of the pelvic muscles
Resolution phase
return to a normal or subnormal physiologic state.
Physiological problems
abnormal development of the genitalia or that part of neuropsychology controlling sexual response. Negative emotions can definitely affect the behavior of an individual.
Premature emission of semen
Caused by excessive tension in male who has been sexually deprived.
Erectile impotence
is almost always of psychological origin in males under 40;