Physics Midterm Spring Semester

f = 1 / T

The formula of frequency.

Wavelength

The distance travelled by a wave in one complete oscillation.

Frequency

The number of oscillations completed in one period.

v = f * wavelength

Velocity’s formula.

Hz = 1 / s = waves vibration cycles / s

Hertz’s formula.

Constructive interference

Occurs when the crests of one wave overlap the crests of the other wave and cause an increase in wave amplitude.

Destructive interference

Occurs when the crests of one wave ovelap the troughs of the other wave and cause a decrease in wave amplitude.

Electromagnetic waves

Waves that are made of electric and magnetic waves.

Electromagnetic spectrum

The range of all types of EM radiation; includes: radio and TV, microwaves, infrared, ROYGBIV, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays.

perpendicular

Electromagnetic waves move __ to the direction of travel.

380 - 750

Human eyesight is from __ mm.

Color

The frequency of light.

Primary light colors

Colors that can be combined in diferent proportions to make all other colors, and visible to human’s eyes such as red, green, and blue.

White

A combination of all the wavelengths/colors; made of red, green, and blue.

Black

An absence of light; made of magneta, cyan, and yellow.

Primary pigments

Magneta, Cyan, and Yellow.

Paint ; Light

__ is subtractive ; __ is additive.

particle

Light acts like a __ in the photoelectric effect experiment.

waves

Light and electrons act like __ in the double slit experiment.

particles

Electrons act like __.

Photon

A light particle; or a group of energy, not a real particle, no mass, one quantum of energy.

wavelength = planck’s constant / momentum (m*v)

De Brogile Equation

6.63×10^-34 m²kg/s

Planck’s constant

Quantum mechanics

Used at atomic sizes when the rules of large scale.

wavelength / w = x / L

Single slit’s formula

y = (m * wavelength * D) / d

Double slit to Diffraction Grating’s formula

n1 * Sina1 = n2 * Sina2

Snell’s law

C = 3×10^8 m/s

Speed of light

n = Sin i / Sin r

Air into substance’s formula

Total internal refraction

Optically denser to optically less denser; the light ray will not eneter the new medium but will be completely reflected back into the original medium.

n = 1.33

Water’s index of refraction

n = 1

Air’s index of refraction

The critical angle

The angle of incidence at which a light ray passing from one medium to another less refractive medium experiences an angle of refraction of 90 degree.

n1 * Sina = n2 * Sin90

Total internal reflection’s formula

1 / f = 1 / di + 1 / do

Lens or Mirrow Law

M = hi / ho = di / do

Magnification’s formula

2 x f

Curvature of the lens

Images

Real or virtual, upright or inverted, larger or smaller.

Concave mirror

A mirror in which the reflecting surface is curved inwards and its center is further from the viewer than edges.

Convex mirror

A curved mirror where the reflective surface bulges out toward the light source.

Concave mirrors and convex lenses

Mostly making real images, except when the object is inside the focus.

Convex mirros and concave lenses

Always making virtual images.

are not

Mechanics __ always correct.

n = C / v

When a ray of light is traveling from a medium into another medium.