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Give two reasons Lenin disliked religion.
Opium of the masses; Church linked to Tsar; Independent power base
Give three religious minorities and locations.
Muslims Central Asia; Catholics Lithuania; Baptists Ukraine; Jews Ukraine and western Russia
Give three laws Lenin passed about religion.
Decree on Land 1917; Separation of Church and State 1918; Constitution 1922 freedom of conscience
Give three examples of terror against religion under Lenin.
Execution of clergy; Massacres of priests; Politburo executions 1918
How did persecution increase during Civil War?
Confiscated property; Anti-priest propaganda
How was early policy to Islam less confrontational?
Funded Muslim schools; Encouraged Party membership
How did religious policy change after Civil War?
Fewer executions; Anti-religious propaganda by Komsomol
What was the Living Church?
State-backed reformed Orthodox Church to weaken Patriarch Tikhon
Give two anti-Muslim policies of the 1920s.
Closed mosques; Attacked shrines; Campaign against veil
Give three anti-religious policies of Stalin.
Closed churches; Attacked Muslim leaders; League of the Militant Godless
Why did Stalin ally with the Church in WW2?
Boost patriotism; Support morale
Give two examples of improved treatment in WW2.
Reopened 414 churches; Reduced propaganda
What was Khrushchev’s approach to religion?
Renewed anti-religious campaigns from 1958
Give three anti-religious measures under Khrushchev.
Closed churches; Anti-religious propaganda; Closed monasteries; Restricted holy sites; Religious activists jailed
Give one way Khrushchev’s policy failed.
Growth of dissident defence of religion; Continued Church influence
Give two measures Brezhnev took towards religion.
Reduced propaganda; Institute for Scientific Atheism; Supported Islamic boards
What statistic shows failure of Brezhnev’s religious policy?
20% still religious 1960 and 1985