C954 - Section 6: Infrastructure Technology Infrastructure Library

transborder data flows (TDF)

When business data flows across international boundaries over the telecommunications networks of global information systems.

information privacy

Concerns the legal right or general expectation of individuals, groups, or institutions to determine for themselves when and to what extent information about them is communicated to others.

sustainable or green MIS practice

Describes the production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment, such as an organization's use of cloud services versus buying and operating its own service, lessening the cost to the company and the environmental burden.

clean computing

refers to the environmentally responsible use, manufacture, and disposal of technology products and computer equipment

green personal computing (green PC)

built using environment-friendly materials and designed to save energy

e-waste

Refers to discarded, obsolete, or broken electronic devices

sustainable MIS disposal

Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle

typosquatting

a problem that occurs when someone registers purposely misspelled variations of well-known domain names

carbon emissions

includes the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, produced by business processes and systems

grid computing

A collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a common problem

smart grid

delivers electricity using two-way digital technology

virtualization

The act of creating virtual (rather than physical) versions of a variety of computing capabilities including hardware platforms, Operating Systems, Storage Devices, and Networks.

storage virtualization

combines multiple network storage devices so they appear to be a single storage device

network virtualization

Combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality into a single software-based administrative entity

system virtualization

The ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collection of separate computers ("virtual machines"), each with its own virtual CPUs, network interfaces, storage, and operating system.

data center

a facility used to house management information systems and associated components such as telecommunications and storage systems

private cloud

serves only one customer or organization and can be located on the customer's premises or off the customer's premises

cloud fabric controller

Cloud management software that controls the allocation of services, monitors the health of the server and the services running on them, and heals servers when they fail

cloud fabric

The software that makes possible the benefits of cloud computing, such as multi-tenancy

public cloud

promotes massive, global, and industrywide applications offered to the general public

community cloud

serves a specific community with common business models, security requirements, and compliance considerations

hybrid cloud

includes two or more private, public, or community clouds, but each cloud remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and application portability

cloud bursting

when a company uses its own computing infrastructure for normal usage and accesses the cloud when it needs to scale for peak load requirements, ensuring that a sudden spike in usage does not result in poor performance or system crashes

utility computing

offers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a metered service such as gas or electricity

infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model

dynamic scaling

This means that the MIS infrastructure can be automatically scaled up or down based on need requirements.

disaster recovery as a service (DRaaS)

offers backup services that use cloud resources to protect applications and data from disruption caused by disaster

data as a service (DaaS)

facilitates the accessibility of business-critical data in a timely, secure, and affordable manner

platform as a service (PaaS)

supports the deployment of entire systems including hardware, networking, and applications using a pay-per-use revenue model

big data as a service (BDaaS)

offers a cloud-based Big Data service to help organizations analyze massive amounts of data to solve business dilemmas

Moore's law

Refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months

upcycle

reuses or refurbishes ewaste and creates a new product

production management

describes all the activities managers do to help companies create goods

transformation process

the actual conversion of inputs to outputs

value added

the term used to describe the difference between the cost of inputs and the value of price of outputs

strategic business units (SBUs)

A profit center within a business (e.g., within a large software company, there might be an SBU that focuses on creating and selling operating system software and another SBU that focuses on creating and selling office suite software)

strategic planning

Focuses on the long-range planning, such as plant size, location, and type process to be used

materials requirement planning (MRP) system

Sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place in a specific company.

tactical planning

focuses on producing goods and services as efficiently as possible within the strategic plan

global inventory management system

provides the ability to locate, track, and predict the movement of every component or material anywhere upstream or downstream in the supply chain

operational planning and control (OP&C)

deals with the day-to-day procedures for performing work, including scheduling, inventory, and process management

inventory management and control system

provides control and visibility to the status of individual items maintained in inventory

transportation planning system

Tracks and analyzes the movement of materials to ensure the cost-effective delivery of these items

distribution management system

coordinates the process of transporting materials from a manufacturer to distribution centers and then to the final customer

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

A nongovernmental organization established in 1947 to promote the development of world standards and to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services

emergency action plan (EAP)

A plan that goes into effect from an incident for a set interval of time

business continuity plan (BCP)

A plan that designates what a business's mission will be once an incident or disaster occurs (usually 31 days after the incident occurs)

change approval board (CAB)

Representatives from various business departments that review changes that are proposed to be made to the production system of a company