Week 6 Quiz Flashcards

What medicines can be emulsions?

Creams and skin lotions but NOT Ointments, they’re made from ONE oily phase

What is oily droplets appearing at the surface of an emulsion called?

Creaming

What is separation between the oil and water phases in an emulsion called?

Creaming

What is large aggregates forming in a powder mix called?

Caking

What is particles sticking together at the bottom of a suspension called?

Caking

Emulsions are inherently physically unstable. Which of the following factors can make emulsions more physically stable and which ones can make them less stable?

MORE STABLE:

• Presence of emulsifiers

• Presence of preservatives

• Being o/w rather than w/o

LESS STABLE:

• Large droplet size

• High temperature

• Freezing

What type of medicine would typically have the longer shelf-life?

Tablets due to low water content

Which type of medicine does not require a preservative?

Ointments

What type of medicine will experience microbial growth the fastest?

O/W emulsions

You work in a non-sterile medicine manufacturing unit of a large hospital. When will you produce a larger quantity of the final product than the quantity you need to dispense? 

When you will lose some product transfering it into its final container.

You have manufactured and packed an oil in water cream. Which of the following ancillary labels will you apply on the tube? 

• USE THIS MEDICINE ONLY ON YOUR SKIN

• DO NOT FREEZE

• KEEP OUT OF THE REACH AND SIGHT OF CHILDREN

What are the requirements for a molecule to be considered aromatic?

• Must be completely conjugated

• Must be cyclic

• Must be planar

• Must have (4n+2) pi electrons

Where are the sp2 hybridised orbitals derived from?

From the one 2s orbital and 2p orbitals

Structure 1 is methadone, a drug commonly used in the treatment of heroin addiction.

• There are 14 sp2 hybridised atoms

• There are 9 sp3 hybridised atoms

• There are zero sp hybridised atoms

• There are 3 lone pairs in the structure

• There are 6 atoms that contribute to the longest conjugated moiety

What is cellular protein synthesis called?

Translation

What is the DNA synthesis by copying of RNA called?

Reverse transcriptions, used by viruses e.g. HIV

What is the modification of RNA in the nucleus and cytoplasm called ?

RNA processing

What is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template called?

Transcription

What is not involved in the regulation of transcription?

DNA polymerase, it is involved in REPLICATION

What determines the transcription start site?

The promoter of the gene

What mediates chromatin remodelling?

Gene specific combinations of transcription factors that are associated with (coactivator)

What does the basal transcription factors recruit?

RNA polymerase which is induced to start transcription

Can chromatin modifications be inherited by the next generation?

Yes

A novel cancer drug is found to rapidly reduce the histone acetylation on the promoter of a cancer related gene. Which of  is the least likely mechanism of action for this effect?

Blocking of the RNA polymerase recruitment domain of a basal transcription factor required for the transcription of the cancer gene

The drug vildagliptin (ZOMELIS) is used to treat hyperglycaemia in diabetes. On the structure of the drug molecule shown, indicate the TWO sp2 hybridised atoms and the TWO sp hybridised atoms.