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Satirical techniques
Methods used to comment on or criticize a subject or character.
Exaggeration
Enlarging or representing something beyond normal bounds to highlight its faults.
Caricature
Exaggeration of a physical feature or trait, often seen in political cartoons.
Burlesque
Ridiculous exaggeration of language, such as a formal character speaking foolishly.
Incongruity
Presenting things that are absurd or out of place in relation to their surroundings.
Parody
Imitating the style of something or someone to ridicule the original, requiring knowledge of the original text.
Reversal
Presenting the opposite of the normal order, such as serving dessert before the main dish.
Satire
Use of sarcasm, irony, or wit to ridicule or mock.
Direct satire
Satire that is explicitly stated.
Indirect satire
Satire communicated through characters in a situation.
Horatian satire
Light-hearted satire intended for fun.
Juvenalian satire
Bitter and angry satire that attacks.
Minnepian satire
Cheerful, intellectual humor that critiques mental attitudes rather than specific groups.
Irony
Expression where the actual intent is opposite to the literal meaning, often lighter than sarcasm.
Verbal irony
Inversion (reversal) of meaning in words.
Dramatic irony
When a character's words or acts carry a meaning understood by the audience but not by the character.
Socratic irony
Feigning ignorance to draw knowledge from others.
Situational irony
Discrepancy between purpose and results, such as a practical joke that backfires.
Travesty
Presenting a serious (normally religious) subject frivolously, reducing it to its lowest level.
Burlesque (style)
Ridiculous exaggeration that targets societal norms rather than specific works.
Parody (composition)
Imitation of a serious work designed to ridicule it nonsensically.
Farce
Comedy that excites laughter through exaggerated, improbable situations.
Invective
Harsh, abusive language directed against a person or cause.
Sarcasm
A sharply mocking or contemptuous remark. The term came from the Greek word “sarkazein” which means “to tear flesh.”
Malapropism
Deliberate mispronunciation of a name or term to poke fun.
