Studied by 4 people
what are the components of the R.E.S.P.E.C.T model?
-Rapport
-Empathy
-Support
-Partnership
-Explanations
-Cultural Competence
-Trust
a systematic review looked at the relationships between treatment errors and biases. what did they find?
71.4% studies showed a relationship between health care providers cognitive biases and therapeutic/management errors
what does the APTA core value say about biases?
“recognize and refrain from acting on one’s social, cultural, gender, and sexual biases”
what is implicit bias?
a bias towards a social category that we are not aware we have
what is explicit bias?
positive or negative bias of a social category that we recognize and express to others
what is more common; implicit or explicit bias?
implicit
what are the components of SEEDS of bias?
-Similarity
-Expedience
-Experience
-Distance
-Safety
“people like me are better than others” is an example of what bias of SEEDS?
similarity
“if it feels right, it must be true” is an example of what bias of SEEDS?
expedience
“my perceptions are accurate” is an example of what bias of SEEDS?
experience
“closer is better than distant” is an example of what bias of SEEDS?
distant
“physician who are risk avoidment” is an example of what bias of SEEDS?
safety
what are the two type of mitigation strategies?
-cognitive
-behavioral
what should you do to understand and respect the influence of unconscious bias?
self-evaluate on why you have this bias
what is perspective taking?
imagine yourself in your patient’s shoes to understand
what is counter stereotype imaging?
think about examples that contradict stereotypes
what is individuation?
every patient is a person, so use 1st person language.
what is partnership building?
PT and pt should work together to set goals
what is stereotype replacement?
control your speech and behavior to offset implicit stereotyping.
ex: use “weight” rather than “obesity”
T/F: if you don’t develop a rapport with a patient you will not have their trust
TRUE
who experiences more mental stress?
-patients who are disabled
-patients who are in poverty
-patients who are limited to healthcare access
what are the six cognitive factors?
-catastrophizing
-self-esteem
-self-efficacy
-acceptance
-spirituality
-trust in gouvernement and HC providers
what is catastrophizing?
maladaptive and irrational negative of future events
what is self-esteem?
evaluation of self-worth
T/F: it is easy to measure self-esteem
FALSE, hard
what is self-efficacy?
confidence on capability to perform/complete a specific task
what is acceptance?
allowing thoughts and feelings that are unwanted
what is spirituality?
belief in a higher power
what are the 5 emotional factors?
-stress
-anxiety
-depression
-fear
-anger
can person have high positive emotions at the same time as low negative emotions?
YESSSSS
what is stress?
emotional response to a stressor that may be present, expected, or remembered
what is anxiety?
emotional response to uncertainty or internal conflict
what type of emotional factor is associated with he feeling of nervousness and worry?
anxiety
does stress lead to anxiety or anxiety lead to stress?
stress leads to anxiety
what is fear
emotional response to a perceived threat
T/F: emotions relate to cognition, behavior, and psychological response
true
what is depression
feelings of sadness and hopelessness the can impair concentration, fatigue, and withdrawal from certain behaviors
what is anger?
an appraisal of wrongdoing with a tendency to undo that wrongdoing
what are the four components of social support?
-emotional
-informational
-appraisal
-instrumental
what is emotional support?
provision of caring, empathy, love, and trust
what is instrumental support?
provide tangible goods and services to patient and family
what is informational support?
provide information for problem solving
what is appraisal support?
provide information for self-evaluation
what is normative beliefs?
perceptions of approval/disapproval by significant others
which component of social support would normative beliefs best fit?
appraisal support
what is stigma?
disapproval of a personal characteristic that is directed towards people who are believed to have lower social standing
what is stereotypes?
learned beliefs about “them” subgroups that are positive, neutral, or negative
what is prejudice?
negative feelings about “them” subgroups
what is discrimination?
legal term for putting a “them” subgroup at a disadvantage or treating “them” unfairly
what is emotion-focused coping?
attempts to reduce the negative emotions that result from stress
what is problem-focused coping?
attempts to eliminate the stressor itself
what is approach coping?
attending to the stressor
what is avoidant coping?
ignores or distracts oneself away from the stressor
what is active coping?
trying to recognize the stress and control it
what is passive coping?
giving up and letting the stressor control the person
what model is cognitive behavioral therapy based on?
cognitive behavioral model
what 3 things does the clinical prediction rules look at?
-presence or absence of a condition
-determining pt’s prognosis
-match pt’s with optimal treatments
what does OARS stand for?
Open-ended questions
affirmation
reflective listening
summarizing
what are SMART goals?
specific
measurable
attainable
realistic
time limited
Note 
Flashcard (39)