Study Guide - Unit 7: Global Conflict & Consequences

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key themes, events, and concepts related to global conflicts and consequences in modern history.

Russian Revolution

Bolsheviks led by Lenin overthrew the tsar, initiating communism in Russia.

Bolsheviks

Radical Marxist group that promised 'peace, land, and bread' and established the first communist government.

Mexican Revolution

Movement for land reform and end of dictatorship, resulting in the 1917 Constitution.

Indian National Congress

Political party that led the independence movement in India under Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent resistance.

Total Warfare

A concept where entire societies are mobilized for war, affecting civilians and economies.

Propaganda

Biased information used to shape public opinion and gain support during conflicts.

Treaty of Versailles

Punished Germany post-WWI, leading to resentment that contributed to WWII.

League of Nations

International organization created to maintain peace but ultimately failed due to lack of military power.

Mandate System

Control of former Ottoman lands by Britain and France, disregarding self-determination.

Self-Determination

The right of people to choose their own government, promoted by Woodrow Wilson but often ignored.

Balfour Declaration

Statement supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine, increasing Middle Eastern tensions.

Great Depression

Global economic collapse causing massive unemployment and rise of extremist leaders.

New Deal

FDR's response to the Great Depression focusing on relief, recovery, and reform.

Five-Year Plans

Stalin's plans for rapid industrialization using forced labor, leading to significant human costs.

Fascism

Authoritarian nationalist government opposing democracy and communism, exemplified by Mussolini and Hitler.

Appeasement

Policy of giving in to aggression to avoid conflict, which ultimately encouraged further aggression.

Blitzkrieg

A 'lightning war' strategy involving fast and coordinated attacks, particularly used by Germany.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of France, marking a significant turning point in WWII.

Island Hopping

U.S. military strategy in the Pacific focusing on capturing key islands to progress toward Japan.

Firebombing

Strategy of bombing cities to create large-scale fires, targeting civilians and infrastructure.

Armenian Genocide

Ethnic targeting resulting in the deaths of approximately 1 million Armenians during the Ottoman Empire.

Cambodian Genocide

Led by Pol Pot with the goal to create an agrarian communist society, resulting in ~2 million deaths.

Rwandan Genocide

Hutu extremists targeted Tutsis, highlighting failures in international response.

Spanish Civil War

Conflict between Nationalists and Republicans, serving as a precursor to WWII.

Causes of WWII

Resentment from the Treaty of Versailles, instability from the Great Depression, and failures of appeasement.

Government Power Expansion

Increased control in economies and societies during total warfare and through New Deal and Five-Year Plans.

Nationalism

Movements for self-determination and independence often linked to ethnic nationalism and genocides.

Technology & Warfare

Advancements like Blitzkrieg and firebombing changed the nature and destruction of warfare.