Chapter 3 US History

"A Model of Christian Charity"

This spelled out the Massachusetts Bay colony's social and political ideals. It declared that Massachusetts "shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us." The settlers would build a harmonious, godly community in which individuals would subordinate their personal interests to a higher purpose. The result would be an example for all the world and would particularly inspire England to live up to its role as God's "elect nation".

"New England Way"

A set of official policies set by Puritan ministers to maintain order in the colony.

Act for Religious Toleration

Passed in 1649, it affirmed religious toleration in Maryland. It was also know as the Toleration Act.

Anne Hutchinson

A member of the Boston congregation who publicly criticized the clergy for judging prospective church members on the basis of "good works" — the Catholic standard for salvation that Protestants had criticized since Reformation.

Bacon's Rebellion

A war of Indian extermination waged by farmers in Virginia, led by Nathaniel Bacon, in 1676. The
rebels burned the capital and forced Governor Berkeley to flee, but the rebellion fizzled when
Bacon died later that year.

beaver wars

Series of conflicts among the members of the Iroquois nation in a quest for pelts and captives who
could be adopted into Iroquois families to replace the dead.

John Winthrop

Governor of Massachusetts Bay colony who wrote "A Model of Christian Charity".

King Phillip's War

War in 1675 between the Wampanoags and the Plymouth colonists, which was ignited by the
hanging of three Wampanoags for killing a Christian Indian.

Lord Baltimore

Catholic nobleman who received a proprietary grant from Charles I for a large tract of land north of
the Potomac River and east of the Chesapeake Bay.

patroons

The Dutch name for manor lords.

Pequot War

War in 1637 between the colonists of Connecticut and the Pequot Indians. The colonists won, and
they took over the Pequots' land.

proprietary colony

A type of colony that is administered by proprietors, usually one or two English elites.

Pueblo Revolt

The most successful Indian uprising in American history. Taos and Apache Indians attacked the homes of 70 Spanish colonists and killed all but two.

Quakers

A religious sect that appealed strongly to men and women at the bottom of the economic ladder. They believed that the Holy Spirit or the "Inner Light" could inspire every soul. Mainstream Christians, by contrast, found any such claim of direct, personal communication to God highly
dangerous.

Restoration

Period when the English monarchy was restored after Oliver Cromwell's death and Charles II was
crowned.

Robert Cavalier de la Salle

An ambitious upper-class adventurer who descended the entire Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. When he reached the delta, he formally claimed the entire Mississippi basin for Louis XIV, in whose honor he named the territory of Louisiana.

Roger Williams

A minister who advocated complete separation of church and state and religious toleration.

royal colony

A type of colony that is administered by a crown-appointed governor, who would appoint and dismiss leading gentlemen in the colony to an advisory council.

Third Anglo-Powhatan War

The last serious conflict between Virginia colonists and Native Americans before Bacon's
Rebellion.

William Penn

The proprietor of the last unallocated tract of American territory at the king's disposal.