Apush Unit 2

What were corporate colonies?

Colonies operated by a joint-stock company

What were royal colonies?

Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the king’s government.

What were proprietary colonies?

Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership from the king.

Where was Jamestown established in 1606?

Near Chesapeake Bay, on the James River; site was mosquito-infested.

What company founded Jamestown and why?

The Virginia Company of London, seeking gold and a passage to the Indies

What rights did the Virginia Company charter guarantee settlers?

The same rights as Englishmen at home.

Who was the “father of the tobacco industry”?

John Rolfe

How did tobacco affect Virginia?

Created land hunger, boosted slavery, and tied economy to tobacco exports

What was the House of Burgesses (1619)?

The first representative assembly in America, authorized by the Virginia Company

Who founded Maryland and why?

Lord Baltimore in 1634, as a refuge for Catholics and for profit.

What crop drove Maryland’s economy?

Tobacco, using indentured servants.

What was the Act of Toleration (1649)?

Law granting toleration to Christians but death penalty to non-Christians.

Who were the Lords Proprietors?

Eight favorites of Charles II, granted land in Carolina.

What crops and labor defined Carolina?

Rice cultivation and slavery (influenced by settlers from Barbados).

What was Carolina’s role in the Indian slave trade?

Exported thousands of Indians to the West Indies and New England.

What were the origins of North Carolina settlers?

Poor outcasts and dissenters drifting from Virginia and elsewhere.

What happened in the Tuscarora War (1711–1713)?

North Carolinians defeated and enslaved many Tuscarora; survivors fled north.

Who founded Georgia and why?

James Oglethorpe in 1733, as a buffer colony and refuge for debtors.

What made Georgia unique among colonies?

What did John Calvin teach that influenced New England Puritans?

Predestination—God chose the elect for heaven.

What was “conversion” in Calvinism?

A personal experience of God’s grace, seen as a sign of being among the elect.

How did Calvinism shape Puritans?

Led them to live sanctified lives, inspiring separatists who settled New England.

Where did the Pilgrims settle in 1620?

Plymouth Bay—outside Virginia Company territory, making them squatters.

Who were the Separatists?

Radical Puritans who fled England and then Holland, seeking religious freedom.

What was the Mayflower Compact?

An agreement to form a government and submit to majority rule.

Who was Tisquantum (Squanto)?

Native interpreter who helped the Pilgrims survive.

Who was William Bradford?

Longtime governor and scholar of Plymouth Colony.

Who founded Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Non-Separatist Puritans in 1629, fearing for their faith and England’s future.

What was the Great English Migration?

Movement of 70,000 English, with 20,000 settling in Massachusetts in the 1630s.

Who was John Winthrop?

First governor, believed colony should be a “City upon a Hill.”

What industries made Massachusetts thrive?

Fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding.

Who founded Rhode Island and why?

Roger Williams (1636), after being banished for radical ideas on religion and land.

What made Rhode Island unique?

Guaranteed religious freedom—even for Jews and Catholics.

Who was Anne Hutchinson?

Puritan woman banished for antinomianism (saved need not obey laws).

Who led settlers to Hartford in 1636?

Thomas Hooker

What were the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

First written constitution, establishing a democracy.

How did New Hampshire become a royal colony?

Separated from Massachusetts by the king in 1679.

How did Delaware become a colony?

Split from Pennsylvania for trade and local self-rule.

What was New York originally

New Netherland, taken by the English in 1664.

How did New Jersey attract settlers?

Proprietors promised land, religious freedom, and self-government.

Who founded Pennsylvania and why?

William Penn in 1681, as a haven for Quakers and religious freedom.

What kind of government did Pennsylvania have?

Representative assembly elected by landowners; no tax-supported church.

How did Penn treat Native Americans?

Bought land fairly, promoted peace.

What made Pennsylvania attractive?

Religious tolerance, diversity, economic opportunity, and Philadelphia’s careful planning.