Pediatric Gastrointestinal System MCQs Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from pediatric gastrointestinal system topics to assist in exam preparation.

Celiac Disease

An immune reaction to gluten that results in inflammation and damage to the small intestine.

Ulcerative Colitis

A chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the colon and rectum, often presenting with bloody diarrhea.

Toddler Diarrhea

A common condition in toddlers resulting in loose, watery stools, often linked to dietary factors.

Hirschsprung Disease

A congenital condition resulting in a lack of ganglion cells in the intestines, causing severe constipation or intestinal obstruction.

Fluid Resuscitation

The process of replenishing bodily fluids, particularly important in cases of dehydration due to diarrhea.

Severe Hypertonic Dehydration

A serious condition where there is excessive loss of water compared to electrolytes, leading to cellular dehydration.

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

A condition in infants causing vomiting due to the thickening of the pylorus, blocking food from entering the small intestine.

Intussusception

A medical emergency where part of the intestine telescopes into itself, leading to obstruction and potential tissue death.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A group of inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Diarrhea

An increase in the frequency of stools, often associated with dehydration and triggers in infants and children.

Chronic Constipation

Infrequent bowel movements or difficult passage of stools lasting for several weeks or longer, which can lead to significant discomfort.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A condition where stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation.

Failure to Thrive

A term used to describe children whose physical growth is significantly below the norms for age and sex.

Cow's Milk Protein Allergy

An adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins found in cow's milk, potentially leading to gastrointestinal symptoms.

Cystic Fibrosis

A genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system, characterized by the production of thick, sticky mucus.

Rotavirus

A virus that causes severe diarrhea in young children, often leading to dehydration.

Vitamin K Deficiency

A condition that can lead to abnormal bleeding and is often associated with malabsorption syndromes.

Gallbladder Disease

Conditions affecting the gallbladder, including cholecystitis and gallstones, often presenting with abdominal pain.

Acute Gastroenteritis

An inflammation of the stomach and intestines resulting in vomiting and diarrhea, commonly caused by infections.

Dehydration

A condition resulting from excessive loss of body fluids, which can be dangerous if not treated properly.

Serum Electrolytes

Laboratory tests measuring the levels of various electrolytes in the blood, crucial for diagnosing and managing dehydration.

Sodium Bicarbonate Therapy

A treatment sometimes used to correct metabolic acidosis found in some gastrointestinal conditions.