Civil War 1861-1865

Abraham Lincoln

• 16th president

• Wrote the emancipation proclamation

• Seen as a national hero

• Our tallest president

• North (Union)

When was Abraham Lincoln born and where?

• born: February 12, 1809, Larue Countuy, Kentucky

When did Abraham Lincoln die and how?

• died: April 15

• How did he die?: Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by being shot in the back of the head by James Booth. Assassinated in Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C

Ulysses S. Grant

• North (Union)

• Title: General in chief

• Important job after the war: 18th president

• Education: United States military academy

Robert E. Lee

• South (Confederate)

• From Virginia

• Education: United States military academy ( also called West Point , NY)

• Title: superintendent of West Point

• Against slavery

• Against secession

Jefferson Davis

• from: Kentucky

• Job before the war: represented Mississippi in the U.S senate and the House of Representatives of the Democratic Party

• Job during the war: president of the confederate states of America

What happened to Jefferson Davis after the war?

got captured then imprisoned for 2 years then released without treason

Clara Barton

• Nickname: the angel of the battle field

What did Clara Barton do during the war to gain her nickname?

Provided supplies and cared to the wounded soldiers

Clara Barton’s accomplishment after the war:

Founded the Red Cross, advocated for women’s rights/civil rights. Had an organization to find missing soldiers

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

• South (confederate)

• Nickname: stonewall

• Nickname from: battle of bull run

Story behind Thomas Jackson’s nickname/how did he die?

• story: holding his ground in battle and not backing down

• Death: died due to complications from wounds and pneumonia.

• Location of death: Guinea, Virginia

William T. Sherman

• North (Union)

• People in Georgia don’t like him (because of his famous march: Sherman’s march to the to sea)

• Middle name: Tecumseh

Robert Gould Shaw

• North (Union)

• The colonel as the 54th Massachusetts regiment

• The colonel from the movie glory

• Led the first black regiment in the Union army during the civil war

John Wilkes Booth

• actor

• Killed/assassinated Abraham Lincoln

• Killed by Union soldier who shot him in the neck

Matthew Brady

• photographed the effect of the civil war

• Documented the civil war

Dred Scott

• Enslaved African America

• Sued for the freedom for his family

• Scott vs Sanford

• Ended up not winning the case

Harriet Tubman

• was a conductor for the Underground Railroad

• Lead around 200-300 enslaved people to freedom

John Brown

• believed in using violence to end slavery

• Killed around 6 slave owners

• Hoped the slaves would rebel and put a stop to slavery

• Had the help of his sons to start the rebellion, which failed and lead to his death

Harriet Beecher Stowe

• write a very famous book called: Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• An antislavery novel portraying the harshness of slavery

Frederick Douglass

• abolitionist

• Advocated for human rights

• A writer

• Advocated for woman’s suffrage

Eli Whitney

• created the cotton gin

• A machine that helped produce more cotton.

• Which lead to the expansion of slavery

Who said this quote: “War is Hell”

It was William T. Sherman who said the quote

Who said this quote: “It is well that war is so terrible, else we would grow too fond of it”

It was Robert E. Lee who said the quote

Who said this quote: “Sic Semper Tyrannis”

It was John Wilkes Booth who said the quote

Who said this quote: “O Captain! My Captain!”

It was Walt Whitman who said the quote

Antebellum

The period before the war

Bearing of Charles Sumner

• on May 19, 1856 Charles Sumner gave a long angry speech about how slavery needs to end in America

• Preston brooks: a representative from South Carolina and Andrew butler’s nephew

• Preston read the speech and beat sumner out of anger

Abraham Lincoln - Stephen Douglass debate

• a series of 7 political debates held in 1858

Bleeding Kansas

• a period of intense violence and civil unrest in the Kansas Territory from 1854 to 1861

• driven by the conflict between pro- slavery and anti-slavery

Fugitive Slave Act

• The act required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• written by: Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Book about the harshness of slavery

Missouri Compromise

• a law passed in 1820

• address the issue of slavery's expansion into new territories

Popular sovereignty

• political principle stating that a governments authority comes from the consent of the people.

• People have the right to change their government if it’s not serving their interests

North (Union) advantages:

• Larger/greater population

• Manufactured 9 times more than the south (army well supplied)

• 13,000 more miles of railroad tracks

• Controlled most of the nations money

• Strong navy

South (confederate)

• defending own homes, families, land

• Skilled, effective commanders

• United, highly motivated

• Fighting in familiar county

North (Union) battle plans

• Fully blockade all Southern coasts, known as the Anaconda plan, eliminating possible help for Confederates from abroad.

• Control the Mississippi River.

• Capture Richmond, disrupting the Confederacy's command lines at the capital.

South (confederate) battle plans:

• Anaconda plan, military strategy proposed by Union General Winfield Scott early in the American Civil War.

• The plan called for a naval blockade of the Confederate littoral, a thrust down the Mississippi, and the strangulation of the South by Union land and naval forces.

Civil War Deaths

600,000 people

Emancipation Proclomation

• only freed the slaves in the Southern states (confederate)

• Allowed black men to enlist in the army

Gettysburg Adress

• the speech redefined the war's purpose as a fight for liberty, equality

• the survival of a democratic government

• it honored the fallen soldiers with enduring words

Surrender at Appomattox Court House

• On April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee, commanding the Army of Northern Virginia, surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in the McLean House, a private residence in Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

• This surrender effectively ended the war, although other Confederate forces would continue to fight for several weeks

Secede

• withdraw

• Pull back

The civil war draft riots

• in July 1863, a mob in New York wrecked the main recruiting station.

• for three days, crowds of white workers marched through the city, destroying buildings, factories, streetcar lines, homes.

• The draft riots were complex — anti-Black, anti-rich, anti-Republican.

13th amendment

• Abolishment of slavery

14th amendment

• grants citizenship to all persons born in the US

• including formerly enslaved people, and prohibits states from denying anyone equal protection or due process

15th amendment

• Prohibits federal state and government from refusing a persons vote due to their skin color and gender

Habeas Corpus

• Latin term

• Means produce the body

40 Acres and a Mule

• William T. Sherman issued special Field Order #15

• Issued them to grant each freed family 40 acres of land on the coast of Georgia

Fort Sumter battle

• At 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, Confederate troops fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina's Charleston Harbor.

• Less than 34 hours later, Union forces surrendered.

• The start of the Civil War

Bull Run battle

• July 21, 1861.

• a Union army under General Irvin McDowell was routed by a Confederate army led by General Pierre G.T.Beauregard.

• The Confederates, despite being outnumbered initially, gained a decisive victory

• the North's belief that the war would be short and easy

Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) battle

• How many days was the battle: 3 days ( July 1-3rd 1863)

• The north (Union) won

• it halted Confederate General Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North

• Turning point in the war