Particle Model of Matter

Flashcards covering key concepts of the particle model of matter, including definitions and important principles related to density, energy changes, and states of matter.

Density

The mass of a substance divided by its volume.

Specific Latent Heat

The energy needed to change the state of 1 kg of a substance.

Specific Latent Heat of Fusion

The energy needed to change 1 kg of solid into 1 kg of liquid at the same temperature.

Specific Latent Heat of Vaporisation

The energy needed to change 1 kg of liquid into 1 kg of gas at the same temperature.

Internal Energy

The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a system.

Kinetic Theory of Gases

Describes gas particles in constant random motion; no kinetic energy is lost during collisions.

Change in Thermal Energy Equation

ext{Change in thermal energy} = ext{mass} imes ext{specific heat capacity} imes ext{temperature change}.

Pressure Change With Temperature

The pressure of a fixed volume of gas increases as temperature increases.

Freezing

The process of a liquid turning to a solid, during which internal energy decreases.

Melting

The process of a solid turning to a liquid, during which internal energy increases.

Boiling

The process of a liquid turning to a gas, during which internal energy increases.

Condensation

The process of a gas turning to a liquid, during which internal energy decreases.

Sublimation

The process of a solid turning directly into a gas, during which internal energy increases.

Conservation of Mass

In a change of state, the mass of substances is conserved.

Specific Heat Capacity

The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.