IB History Paper 2 (Authoritarian states; Mao and Hitler)

Economic policies

Less concerned with improving economy for people than creating a strong industrial power for war

Hjalmar Schacht

Economics minister

The New Plan 1934

Creating employment through public works projects, young men in the army

Goerings Four Year Plan

Autarky. Low-key failed.

Goebbels

Propaganda Minister

Propaganda

Hitler was a man of destiny, creating a Third Reich that expressed the will of the nation he had created.

Propaganda Ministry tasks

1. the German nation is the supreme cultural and social organization

2. oblige media to present the fuhrer in the most positive light

3. rid the nation of all jewish influences

4. encourage pride in the aryan race

5. develop german-aryan art

The Fuhrer Principle

notion of Hitler as a faultless leader

The press

Under control by Goebbels to prevent indepent newspapers in opposition to Nazi regime.

Eher Verlag

NSDAPs newsagency which bought a wide ragne of other newspapers

The Arts

anti-jewish. in line with nazi thought and values of the german reich.

Radio

Reich Radio Company spat out nazi propaganda

Education

HitlerYouth (HitlerJugend), BDM, Curriculum

Curriculum

Eugenics, "Aryans good - Jews bad", Jews dismissed from school

HitlerYouth

training young men in National Socialist Values; loyalty ect. Also fun times for kids.

BDM

sistermovement to HitlerYouth. Keep em a part of the Volk. "Developing the girls characters". First strongly encouraged, then mandatory.

German Workers

Labour Front. Idealistic front, but in reality required workers to do as they were told to.

Kraft durch Freude

Organized leizure for the masses

The Status of Women

Plans for new Germany did not include advancement of women. Birth rate was dropping - Hitler wanted women to embrace motherhood. fewer women in university and work because of this. birth controll and abortion clinics closed. no make-up or smoking. more women in work when the war started.

Sterilization programme 1933

those suffering from specified diseases were to get sterilized

euthanasia programme

severly handicapped people "mercy killed". grouped together in a room and gassed. kept secret.

Final solution

euphemism for extermination of Jews

Persecutions

Roma gypsies, Homosexuals, Johovas Witnesses, mixed kids (Rhineland bastards)

Anti-movements

targeting of those accused of crimes such as waste, corruption and tax evasion

Anti-landlord campaign

distibuting of landowners land to it tenants. killings,

100 flowers campaign

"Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred thoughts of school contend". Campaign where Mao opened for thoughts about the nation and government, backlashed. arrested and imprisoned those who were now labeled as "rightists".

Economic Policies

Develop China as an industrial power.

Five-Year Plan/GLF

Peasants to produce a surplus of food which then can be sold abroad. Modern industrial economy. Communes. Mass collectivization. Families could not produce food for their own profit. Peasants did not know how to farm like this. Failed.

Chinas Great Famine

Though it failed, Mao pressed ahead. Peasants who protested put in labour camps. About 40 mill dead. Mao stepped back , Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqi steps up and "saves" the day.

Cultural Revolution 1966-76

Mao saw Deng and Lius work as an undermining of socialist principles and needed to step back up. Reassert dominance. Adopted GPCR to remove all elements of opposition.

Revisionism

All departure from true Chinese communism, applied to any idea which Mao dissaproved.

Propaganda; Cult of Mao

Mao as a God/Savior of nation. Picture everywhere and words quoted

Little Red Book

Book of quotes which everyone owned

August Rally 1966

Start of Revolution against four olds

Red Guards

Units of young people acting as terror squads. Free to attack people.

CCRG

Sub-unit appointed by Mao to control CR

Cleansing the classes campaign

terror campaign to exterminate those whose social backgrounds made them potential enemies of Mao and the communist state.

Laogai

re-education camps to those who opposed or were suspected to oppose Mao.

maos culture

a nations culture defined its character, culture was about the life of the people, direct product by the work of those in the ruling class.

Censorship

Jiang Qing as "cultural purifier of the nation" imposed heave censorships. all work must meet her criteria of cultural purity. western music banned. lack of resistance. not creation of new culture; paralysis of old one.

Religion

Not good. People did no longer need it as they had Mao to worship. Churches etc closed. Part of the four olds, people imprisoned.

Patriotic Churches

State controlled churches, professing support for the communist regime.

Women

CCP took a stance of being advocates for female equality. concubinage forbidden. women who had been forced into marriage could now get a divorce. New marriage law in 1950.

Resistance

Though Maos laws towards women seemed liberatng, it came too fast. Found themselved unhappy that they became detached from their previous roles.