FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY

psychology in the philippines

series of events related to the field of psychology in the philippines

kabuuang anyo

psychology of the filipinos

any theories or knowledge of filipino nature

palasak na anyo, madaling makita

Filipino Psychology

psychology based on the Filipino's true thoughts, feelings, behaviors and must derive from indigenous Filipino sources, language, and methods

nilalayong anyo; bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan, oryentasyong pilipino

4 filiations

1. academic-scientific psychology
2. academic-philosophical psychology
3. ethnic psychology
4. psycho-medical system with religion

Academic Scientific Psychology

(Western tradition: follows the tradition of Wilhelm Wundt in 1987 and is essentially the American-oriented Western Psychology being studied in the Philippines)

Academic-philosophical psychology

clerical tradition: started by priest-professors at UST

ethnic psychology

includes the frame of psychological reasoning, enculturation practices, beliefs, and proto clinical practices that can be culled from language, literature, myth, legends

psycho-medical system with religion

related to ethnic psychology

has religion as basis and explanation

core value

kapwa (shared inner self)

ibang tao (outsider) 5

1. pakikitungo
2. pakikisalamuha
3. pakikilahok
4. pakikibagay
5. pakikisama

Pakikitungo

right behavior meant right demeanor towards authorities

Pakikisalamuha

social value that is primarily communitarian; ability to adopt

Pakikilahok

participation of the entire community to help a person

pakikibagay

conformity; runs in conflict with individuality

pakikisama

united with the group

hindi ibang tao (one of us) 3

1. pakikipagpalagayang-loob
2. pakikisangkot
3. pakikipagkaisa

Pakikipagpalagayang-loob

act of mutual trust

pakikisangkot

act of joining others

pakikipagkaisa

being one with others

pivotal interpersonal value

pakikiramdam (shared inner perceptions)

Pakikiramdam (shared inner perceptions)

basic tool to guide their dealings with other people

linking socio-personal value

kagandahang loob (shared humanity)

kagandahang loob (shared humanity)

help other people due to perception of being together as one Filipino humanity

accommodative surface value - 3

1. hiya
2. utang na loob
3. pakikisama & pakikipagkapwa

hiya

shyness; sense of propriety

utang na loob

norm of reciprocity

Pakikisama/Pakikipagkapwa

smooth interpersonal relationship (SIR)

primarily guided by conformity with the majority

confrontative surface values

1. bahala na
2. lakas ng loob
3. pakikibaka

bahala na

Leave it to God (bathala)

bahala na

culture-influenced adaptive coping strategy when faced with challenging situations

lakas ng loob

courageous in the midst of problems and uncertainties

pakikibaka

"concurrent clashes"

pakikibaka

ability to undertake revolutions and uprising against common enemy

societal values (5)

1. karangalan
2. puri
3. dangal
4. katarungan
5. kalayaan

karangalan

"dignity"

karangalan

what other people see in a person and how they use that information to make a stand or judge about his/her worth

puri

external aspect of dignity

puri

may refer to how other people judge a person of his/her worth

dangal

internal aspect of dignity

dangal

how a person judges his own worth

katarungan

"justice"

katarungan

equity in giving rewards to a person

kalayaan

"freedom & mobility"

kalayaan

may clash with the less important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay (conformity)

7 assumptions in the study of SP

1. psychology as WEIRD
2. dangers of blind faith in western psychology
3. all psychology is indigenous
4. psychology in the philippines is not yet fully indigenized
5. culture as organizing principle of SP
6. worldview as organizing framework of culture
7. the SP course should account (acknowledge) the diverse experience of filipino people

consequences of copycat psychology

1. marginalization or exclusion of local experience
2. distortion in the understanding of local experience
3. alienation: psychology as removed in the experience of the ordinary filipino

psychology is indigenous if...

1. it is developed within a culture
2. reflects the local behavior
3. understand a behavior using a local frame of reference
4. produce knowledge that is meaningful and relevant to the culture

indigenous psychology have developed in many ways...

1. limit the use of western psychology in providing answer to local social issues
2. search for cultural uniqueness
3. analysis of language and semantic meaning

SP as indigenized psychology

discipline: filipino culture at the center
movement: advocacy against all form of oppression

Sikolohiyang Pilipino

kamalayan na tumutukoy sa damdamin at kaalamang nararanasan

sikolohiyang bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan, at oryentasyong Pilipino

Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas

Bunga ng pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga pangyayaring may kinalaman sa sikolohiya sa ating bayan

Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino

bawat teorya ng sino mang nais mag aral tungkol sa kalikasan ng sikolohikal ng mga Pilipinong naninirahan sa Pilipinas at maging sa ibang bansa

Major goals of SP

1. pagsasakatutubo (indigenousness)
2. pagka-agham (science)
3. pagka-pilipino (filipino identity)

Indigenization from within

indigenous direction: outwards culture as-source

Indigenization from within

Identification of indigenous concepts, methods, theories
Semantic elaboration

Indigenization from without

exogenous direction: inwards culture-as-target

Indigenization from without

translation of imported materials

Indigenization from without

culture validation

Indigenization from within

culture revalidation

models of data collection

1. self-orientation
2. Experimenter-orientation
3. Reactive-orientation
4. Mutual-orientation

Self-orientation

Communication is not taking place between them through socially shared interpretations or common constructs

Self-orientation

rs of contributor and contributor stops after the collection

Experimenter-orientation

data collectors appear to influence
contributors appear to be influenced

Reactive-orientation

participants are reacting to what is currently taking place between them

Mutual-orientation

they both give and gain something from the data collection

Scale of the researcher (iskala ng mananaliksik)

methods in generating data

culturally sensitive and appropriate in doing research with Filipinos

Scale of the interaction between the researcher and the researchee (iskala ng pagtutunguhan ng mananaliksil at kalahok)

level of interaction between the researcher and the researchee significantly determines the quality of data obtained

Pakapa-kapa

approach characterized by groping, searching, probing into an unsystematized mass of social and cultural data to be able to obtain order, meaning, and directions for research

Pakapa-kapa

exploration into cultural, social or psychological data without the chains of overriding theoretical framework borrowed from observations outside the focus of investigation

can be related to unobtrusive techniques

panunuluyan approach

interaction techniques, levels of relationship mula paninimbang hanggang malalimang pakikipagpalagayang-loob

panunuluyan

kontekstong pisikal at teknolohikal

pakikipagkapwa

batayang panlipunan ng pakikipanuluyan

makataong pakikipag-ugnayan

pagdalaw, paninirahan, pananahanan, pakikisuno

panunuluyan: pakikibagay

pakikitulog at pakikikain

pakikiramdam at paninimbang

paraan at batayan ng pakikipagpalagayang-loob

panunuluyan: pakikiramdam

paggamit ng damdamin, mata at pandinig upang maintindihan o mabasa ang ibig ipahiwatig ng kausap na ipinahahayag sa pamamagitan ng kilos, parinig at matalinhagang salita (talas ng pakiramdam)

panunuluyan: paninimbang

damdamin at isipan

panunuluyan: pamamaraan (steps)

1. panimulang pagsasanay
2. paglalakbay at pakikisuno
3 paghimpil sa pook
4 pagtingin-tingin sa maaaring panuluyan
5. paghanap ng tulay
6. pagdalaw sa pakikipanuluyan

panunuluyan: pagsasakatuparan (application)

1. pagbati at pagpapakilala
2. pag-aayos ng mga dala-dalahan
3. pakikipagpalagayan
4. pagtulong-tulong
5. pagpalit-palit ng mga metodolohiya
6. paggawa ng pananaliksik
7. pamamaalam at pasasalamat

panunuluyan: suliraning etikal

1. pagsasabi sa layunin ng pananaliksik
2. pagkasangkapan sa pakikipagkaibigan
3. pagsasabi sa kinalabasan ng pananaliksik
4. paghingi ng pahintulot
5. pagtanaw ng utang na loob/pamemerwisyo
6. pagbunyag ng natuklasang katiwalian

pagtatanong-tanong

"asking questions"

repetition of 'tanong' to 'tanong-tanong' indicates seriousness of purpose

pagtatanong-tanong: major characteristics

1. participatory in nature
2. equality of status
3. appropriate and adaptive
4. integrated with other indigenous method

pagtatanong-tanong: preparation

researcher should prepare very well for certain conditions

consider convenience and comfort of informants

their background differences, language, norms, values

pagtatanong-tanong: procedure

1. know the people, place, lifestyle
2. Greet informants, give credentials
3. tell the purpose of study
4. Give estimate length of the session
5. Guide questions are used when necessary
6. not abrupt goodbye and thank you

pagtatanong-tanong: principles

1. level of rs between researcher and informant influences the quality of data obtained
2. language of the respondent is used in pagtatanong-tanong
3. the use of pakikiramdam let the researcher knows when to ask or avoid questions
4. equality of status is maintained because informant is a kausap; not an interview
5. issue of reliability: consistency of response can be checked by repeating the question in a different way
6. problem with investigator bias and data contamination can be solved by having more than one person to do the pagtatanong-tanong
7. repeated sampling from as many informants as possible can produce commonalities of lexical domain which can constitute 'construct'
8. familiarity with language, values, cultural norms will optimize accuracy and relevance of interpretations

Pakikipagkwentuhan

occasion for exchange of information, ideas, insight, and opinion and sharing of beliefs, thoughts, and experiences

kinds of pakikipagkwentuhan

1. oral (pasalita)
2. written (pasulat)
3. transmitted (pasalin-salin)
4. request (paki- paghingi ng pahintulot)

Pakikipagkwentuhan

informal, free social process of exchanging information, thoughts, and knowledge

Pakikipagkwentuhan: procedure

1. initially make visits (padalaw-dalaw) before living-in the community (panunuluyan)
2. introduce yourself to the community
3. invite yourself to community gatherings
4. initiate a conversation when in a natural cluster
5. invest time in story sharing sessions

Pakikipagkwentuhan: principles

1. may pakikipagkapwa sa kwentuhan
2. may 'paki' ang kalahok sa kwento
3. may pakinabang sa kwentuhan
3. 1. libangan
3. 2. linangan ng kaalaman
3. 3. lunas sa karamdaman
4. collective orientation (pananaliksik na sama-sama) contains the process of validation (pagpapatotoo) construction of social reality (pagbubuo) cluster as unit of analysis (pagsali sa likas na umpukan)
5. with a topic to talk about but without a theme (may pakay pero walang paksa)
6. worth or value of story produced from the kwentuhan session (kwenta ng kwento)
7. validity: trustworthiness not truth (mapagkakatiwalaan kaysa makatotohanan)
8. Reliability: certification not consistency (pagpapatotoo, pagpapatibay)

Ginabayang Talakayan

1. collective discussion technique
2. sama-sama' orientation
3. community dialogue or focus group discussion

Filipino Psychology defined

psychology rooted on the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos

Filipino Psychology defined

scientific study of ethnicity, society, and culture of people, and the application to psychological practice of indigenous knowledge rooted in the people's ethnic heritage and consciousness.

Dr. Virgilio G. Enriquez (Doc E)

Father of Filipino Psychology
Founder of Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP)

*Kapwa

recognition of shared identity, an inner self shared with others

*pakikiramdam (shared inner perception)

involves tentative, exploratory and improvisatory behavior intended to avoid offending or hurting other people

*"surface values"

values that are easily obvious

*Kagandahang-loob

predisposes a person to be attuned to the needs and purposes of the larger collective: the society

*pagtatanong-tanong

more unstructured and interactive questioning session

*pakikipagkwentuhan

researcher to motivate participants to narrate their experiences