science year 7

Bunsen burner

Bunsen burner

Used for heating

Heat proof mat

Placed underneath a Bunsen burner during an experiment

Thermometer

An instrument used to measure temperature

Chemistry

The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

Apparatus

Equipment

Gas tap

Used to control the amount of gas supplied to the burner

Tripod

A three-footed stand often used to balance a camera

Beaker

An open cylindrical container with a pouring lip; used for mixing larger amounts of substances

Gauze mat

To support beakers or flasks while heating

Hypothesis

An educated guess

Independent Variable

stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure

Dependent variable

It is something that depends on other factors.

Controlled variable

kept the same throughout the experiment

Inference

A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience.

Weight

A measure of the force of gravity on an object

Mixture

consists of 2 or more substances mingles together but not chemically combined.

Filtration

is used to separate an insoluble solid and a liquid.
Eg.Soil and water

Decanting

is another method of separating an insoluble solid and a liquid.
Eg.Peas and water.

Evaporation

is the separation of a soluble solid and a liquid.
Eg.Salt and water.

Distaillation

is a method of separation which can be used on a soluble solid and its solvent, or on 2 miscible liquids.

Chromatography

is used to separate the dyes found in inks and for identifying blood samples.

Soluble

means a substance will dissolve in a liquid.

Insoluble

means a substance will not dissolve in water.

Solute

the solid which dissolves in the liquid

Solvent

the liquid in which the solid dissolves

Sediment

a layer which forms on the bottom when added to a liquid

Suspensions

formed when a solid is mixed with a liquid and stays spread out in the liquid

solution

when a solid dissolves in a liquid. It can be coloured but is usually clear

cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell

cell membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

cholorplast

a structure in the cells of plants that captures energy from sunlight and uses ti to produce food

multicellular

Made up of more than one cell.

tissue

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

organ

An anatomical unit composed of tissues serving a common function.

Ribosome

Tiny organelle which makes proteins

Mitochondrion

Organelle which carries out cellular respiration to provide energy for cell

Cytosol

The jelly-like fluid that fills a cell

Organelle

Smaller, specialised structure within a cell

sperm cell

male reproductive cell - the tail

egg cell

female reproductive cell - lots of cytoplasm

epithelial cells

skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs

epithelial cells with cilia

move bacteria, virus, epithelial debris, and other unhealthy items up and out of the airway

red blood cell

Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells - dimple in the middle to increase surface area to carry more oxygen

white blood cells

Blood cells that perform the function of destroying diseases

palisade cell

maximises light absorption - lots of chloroplast

root hair cell

Absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil. Long 'finger-like' process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area.

diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

particle kinetic theory

All substances are made up of particles. All particles have bonds between them. Particles always moving. Moving particles have kinetic energy. More heat/temperature gives the particles more energy

Cell

smallest unit of life

Organism

Living things

microscope

An instrument that makes small objects look larger

nucleus

Brain of the cell

vacuole

Storage

cell wall

Ridged outer layer of a plant cell

unicellular

one or single celled organisms

solid to liquid

melting

gas to liquid

condensation

liquid to gas

evaporation

gas to solid

deposition

solid to gas

sublimation

liquid to solid

freezing

Define mass

The amount of matter that a substance is made of

define volume

The amount of space occupied by a substance.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that contains different substances that are not uniformly distributed, makes it possible to see the individual components.

element

A substance that contains only one type of atom.

compound

A substance that contains two or more types of atoms bonded together.

molecule

Atoms that are bonded together.

Homogenous Mixture

A mixture that has uniform composition and properties throughout, with substances evenly distributed.

colloid

A type of mixture where small particles are evenly dispersed throughout a medium but do not settle out.

saturated

physical or chemical situation where a system can take no more of a substance

concentrated

Having a high amount of a substance in a given space or volume.

dilute

To make a liquid weaker by adding water or another solvent.

pure substance

A substance made up of only one type of particale