Unit 8 vocab

world history

Prohibition

Ban on alchohol in US started with the 18th amendment and ended with the 21st amendment.

Marie Curie

First women to win the Nobel Prize, won it in two fields, physics and chemistry for her discovery of two radioactive elements.

Albert Einstein

Theories of relativity, Nobel prize in physics.

Harlem Renaissance

African American cultural movement in Harlem

Maginot Line

Massive fortifications built by French along their border with Germany

Disarmament

Reduction of armed forces and weapons

General Strike

Strike by workers in different industries at the same time

Federal Reserve

Central banking system in US, regulates banks.

Great Depression

Global economic collapse 1929-1939

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Longest serving president (4 terms), served during the great depression & WWII.

New deal

Program by FDR to help Americans during the great depression.

Benito Musssolini

Facist dictator of Italy, allied with Hitler

Black Shirt

Military combat squad member under Mussolini

March on Rome

March of facists on Rome to let Mussolini rule it.

Totalitarian State

One party dictatorship controls peoples lives and takes basic freedoms

Fascism

Non-communist government who glorifies state over basic rights.

Command economy

Central government makes all basic economic decisions

Kulak

Wealthy peasents in the Soviet union

Gulag

Forced labor camps in the Soviet union

Boris Pasternak

Doctor Zhivago, won a Nobel Prize, Fled Russia

Russiafication

Policy of imposing Russian culture on the soviet union

Atheism

belief in no God

Comintern

Communist international, wanted worldwide communism

Chancellor

Highest official of a monarch/prime minister

Ruhr Valley

Coal rich industrial region in Germany

Adolf Hitler

Chancellor turned dictator, founded Third Reich, Mein Kampf

Gestapo

Secret police in Nazi germany

Nuremberg Laws

Laws that took citizenship and other rights away from Jews in Nazi germany

Appeasement

Policy of giving into demands to keep peace

Pacfism

opposition to all wars

Axis powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan

Winston Churchill

British prime minister, led them into WWI

Nazi Soviet pact

agreement to not fight each other between Russia and Germany, also to divide up Eastern European land.

Blitzkrieg

Lightning warfare (Germany)

Luftwaffe

German air force

Dunkirk

Port in France, Allied troops had to evacuate

Erwin Rommel

One of Hitlers successful generals, later tried to kill him.

Lend lease act

Allowed FDR to sell or lend war supplies to other countries

Hideki Tojo

Prime minister of Japan during WWI became dictator

Concentration camp

Dentention center for civilians considered enemies of the state

Holocaust

The systematic genocide of six million Jews by Nazis in WWII

Cremetorium

A place used to cremate dead people

Aushwitz

Three concentration camps in poland run by Germans in the third reich

V-E-day

Victory in Europe day, 5/8/1945, Allies win WWI in Europe

Bataan Death March

Filipinos and American prisoners of war forced to march by Japenese.

“Island hopping”

Ally tactic of recapturing some Japenese islands but not others

Douglas MacArthur

led Ally assaults in southern Pacific

Kamikaze

Japenese suicide pilot

Manhattan Project

code name for the project trying to invent the atom bomb

Harry Truman

President after FDR: made decision to drop the atom bomb on Japan

Hiroshima

1st city to get the atom bomb dropped 1945 (little boy)

Nagasaki

Japenese city where 2nd atom bomb was dropped (fat man)

Nuremberg

war crime trials of Germany were held in this city

United Nations (UN)

international organization primarily tasked with keeping another World war from happening